Interpretation of Large-Strain Seismic Cross-Hole Tests
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 123, Issue 4
Abstract
At sites in earthquake-prone areas, a reliable expression of the nonlinear dynamic stress-strain behavior of soil for the different depths of interest is needed for earthquake-response analyses. Most currently used geophysical seismic tests generate only small amplitude waves, which are in the linear stress-strain range, and the nonlinear behavior is inferred from laboratory tests. A seismic cross-hole test has been developed in which large dynamic forces are applied at different depths in a borehole. Velocity sensors located in three additional boreholes at various distances from the source hole measures the particle velocity and the time it takes the shear wave generated at the source borehole to travel horizontally to each of the receiver boreholes. The generated shear strains are well into the nonlinear stress-strain range. This paper provides a systematic interpretation scheme for the data from these large-strain geophysical crosshole tests. Use is made of both the measured particle velocities at each sensor and the travel times to each borehole to develop modulus degradation curves. The interpretation procedure is applied to a well-documented case study.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Duncan, J. M., and Chang, C. Y.(1970). “Non-linear analysis of stress and strain in soils.”J. Soil Mech. and Found. Div., ASCE, 96(5), 1629–1653.
2.
Gookin, W. B., Riemer, M. F., Boulanger, R. W., and Bray, J. D. (1996). “Development of cyclic triaxial apparatus with broad frequency and strain ranges.”Transp. Res. Record 1548, Small magnitude measurements in geotechnical engineering, Transportation Research Board (TRB), National Academy Press.
3.
Hardin, B. O., and Drnevich, V. P.(1972). “Shear modulus and damping in soils. II: Design equations and curves.”J. Soil Mech. and Found. Div., ASCE, 98(7), 667–692.
4.
Jardine, R. J., Potts, D. M., Fourie, A. B., and Burland, J. B.(1986). “Studies of the influence of non-linear stress-strain characteristics in soil-structure interaction.”Géotechnique, London, England, 36(3), 337–396.
5.
Miller, R. P., Troncoso, J. H., and Brown Jr., F. R. (1975). “In situ impulse test for dynamic shear modulus of soils.”Proc., Conf. on In-Situ Measurement of Soil Properties, Vol. 1, ASCE, New York, N.Y., 319–335.
6.
Naylor, D. J., Pande, G. N., Simpson, B., and Tabb, R. (1981). Finite elements in geotechnical engineering. Pineridge Press, Swansea, Wales, U.K.
7.
Riggs, E. D.(1995). “Seismic wave types in a borehole.”Geophys., 20(1), 53–67.
8.
Seed, H. B., and Idriss, I. M. (1970). “Soil moduli and damping factors for dynamic response analysis.”Rep. No. EERC 75-29, Earthquake Engrg. Res. Ctr., Univ. of California, Berkeley, Calif.
9.
Shannon and Wilson, Inc. and Agbabian Associates. (1976). “In situ impulse test: an experimental and analytical evaluation of data interpretation procedures.”Rep. Prepared for U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NUREG-0028), Washington, D.C.
10.
Shannon and Wilson, Inc. and Agbabian Associates. (1977). “Technical manual-operation and equipment instructions for in situ impulse test.”Rep. Prepared for U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NUREG/CR-0098, RG, RA), Washington, D.C.
11.
Shannon and Wilson. (1994). “Geotechnical Investigation KEH W-236A, multi-function waste tank facility—Hanford Site, Richland, Washington.”Rep. H-1053-05, Vol. 1, Seattle, Wash.
12.
Stokoe, II, and K. H., and Woods(1972). “In situ shear wave velocity by cross-hole method.”J. Soil Mech. and Found. Div., ASCE, 98(5), 443–460.
13.
Swain, R. J.(1962). “Recent techniques for determination of in-situ elastic properties and measurement of motion amplification in layered media.”Geophys., 27(2), 237–241.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 1997 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Apr 1, 1997
Published in print: Apr 1997
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.