Damage Analysis of Hanshin Expressway Viaducts during 1995 Kobe Earthquake. I: Residual Inclination of Reinforced Concrete Piers
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VIEW THE REPLYPublication: Journal of Bridge Engineering
Volume 10, Issue 1
Abstract
The damage suffered by elevated viaducts of the Hanshin Expressway Kobe Route during the 1995 Kobe earthquake is described with emphasis on reinforced concrete (RC) piers. Although many piers were severely damaged, it is also true that the damage to many piers appeared moderate or even mild. On the other hand, a number of piers suffered from large residual inclination in spite of the apparently light damage. By considering that the large residual inclination of piers included severe earthquake-induced damage, it is pointed out that almost all the RC single piers from P35 to P350 received consistently severe damage. The cause of large residual inclination, especially in apparently nondamaged piers, is studied. A dynamic analysis of a single RC pier is conducted to study the relationship between residual inclination and residual deformation of a pier. As a result, we find that the flexural residual deformation of a pier cannot explain the observed large residual inclination, but it is suggested that the pulling out of reinforcing bar from the footing can be a primary cause of the observed large residual inclination.
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Acknowledgments
The writers express their sincere thanks to Hanshin Public Expressway Corporation for providing us with useful data and information. Special thanks are given to H. Hayashi, M. Kitazawa, and K. Kosa (Hanshin Expressway Corp.). Professor H. Okamura and Professor K. Maekawa (University of Tokyo) made valuable comments during the study. The simulated ground motions were provided by Professor M. Sugito (University of Gifu) and M. Harada (TEPCO). This research is partially supported by a grant-in-aid from the Ministry of Education, Science, Culture and Sports, Japan.
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© 2005 ASCE.
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Received: Aug 16, 2002
Accepted: May 5, 2003
Published online: Jan 1, 2005
Published in print: Jan 2005
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