High-Volume Fly Ash Concrete: Analysis and Application
Publication: Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction
Volume 11, Issue 1
Abstract
Although fly ash as a partial replacement for cement has been utilized for many years, it has been almost exclusively used in low-volume percentages, such as 10 or 20% cement replacement. This paper looks at high-volume percentage replacements from 40 to 70%. A minimix study revealed that 50 and 60% cement replacement percentages were the best candidates for full-scale testing. The environmental benefits included a 25% reduction in smog, human health effects, and fossil fuel use compared to the same element built with a 100% Portland cement mix. The economic benefits included a 15% capital cost reduction and a 20% life-cycle cost reduction when compared with a 100% Portland cement mix. Full-scale testing included a complete mix design in addition to the construction of four concrete infrastructure products. The products built included an alley panel and curb, and gutter sections in the City and County of Denver, a precast manhole and lid, and a twin-tee prestressed girder.
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Acknowledgments
The writers would like to thank AMCOR precast (Andrew Burke), the City and County of Denver (Jim Barwick, Dan Roberts, and Pat Kennedy), and Rocky Mountain Prestress (Richard Mayata) for producing HVFA products and donating time and material for this hands-on research project. In addition, Tom Fox of Headwaters and Orville Werner of CTL Thompson are acknowledged for material, minimix, sulfate, and freeze-thaw advice. The Environmental Protection Agency under the P3 (People, Prosperity, and Planet) is acknowledged for Phase I financial support. Undergraduate civil engineering students Andrew Burke and Dan Bentz are acknowledged for assisting with this project.
References
Malhotra, V. M., and Mehta, P. K. (2002). High-performance, high-volume fly ash concrete: Materials, mixture proportioning, properties, construction practice, and case histories, Supplementary Cementing Materials for Sustainable Development, Inc., Ottawa.
Mehta, P. K. (1998). “Role of flyash in sustainable development.” Proc., Concrete, Flyash, and the Environment Conf., 13–25.
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). (2003). Building for environmental and economic sustainability (BEES), model version 3.0., NIST, Gaithersburg, Md.
Office of Management and Budget (OMB). (2004). Circular A-94 ⟨http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/circulars/a094/a94_appx-c.html⟩.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction
Volume 11 • Issue 1 • February 2006
Pages: 58 - 64
Copyright
© 2006 ASCE.
History
Received: May 17, 2005
Accepted: Jul 12, 2005
Published online: Feb 1, 2006
Published in print: Feb 2006
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