Supply- and Output-Side Extensions to the Inoperability Input-Output Model for Interdependent Infrastructures
Publication: Journal of Infrastructure Systems
Volume 13, Issue 4
Abstract
The Inoperability Input-Output Model (IIM) was developed to help understand infrastructure interdependencies. Based on the Leontief Input-Output Model, the IIM approximates the physical interdependencies of infrastructures from the economic input-output transactions of sectors. The model is demand-driven, wherein perturbations to the final demand levels are considered the initiating event, and the impact to sectors’ production outputs are the direct and indirect effects resulting from sector interdependencies. This paper presents two other perspectives—supply-side and output-side—to supplement and complement the demand-driven IIM. These two perspectives help address initiating perturbations related to input factors (value added) and to the sectors’ output levels. Further, these perturbations can be in terms of either quantity or price changes, defining the demand-quantity and supply-price models. Finally, the demand-, supply-, and output-side models are integrated using a sequential perturbation approach. A case study using the Virginia 1997 I-O accounts is presented, where it was shown that the different perturbation classes (demand or supply, quantity or price) yield different rank orders of sectors impacted by the initiating event, thus providing various perspectives of impacts.
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Acknowledgments
The writers would like to thank the members of the research advisory committee from VTRC and VDOT, including Wayne Ferguson, Steve Mondul, and John Miller. We appreciate the efforts of the anonymous reviewers whose feedback significantly improved this paper. We also extend our thanks to Erika Evans, Manager of the Center for Risk Management of Engineering Systems. This study was supported by the National Science Foundation, under a grant to the University of Virginia Center for Risk Management of Engineering Systems (NSF No. NSF0301553: Input-Output Risk Model of Critical Infrastructure Systems, May 2003–June 2007). This work was produced in part with support from the Institute for Information Infrastructure Protection (I3P) research program. The I3P is managed by Dartmouth College, and supported under Award No. UNSPECIFIED2003-TK-TX-0003 from the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Science, and Technology Directorate. Points of view in this document are those of the writer(s) and do not necessarily represent the official position of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, the Science and Technology Directorate, the I3P, or Dartmouth College.
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Published In
Journal of Infrastructure Systems
Volume 13 • Issue 4 • December 2007
Pages: 299 - 310
Copyright
© 2007 ASCE.
History
Received: Jul 24, 2006
Accepted: Jan 16, 2007
Published online: Dec 1, 2007
Published in print: Dec 2007
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