Evaluation of the Low-Cycle Fatigue Life in ASTM A706 and A615 Grade 60 Steel Reinforcing Bars
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 22, Issue 1
Abstract
The low-cycle fatigue behavior of ASTM A706 and A615 Grade 60 (420 MPa) deformed reinforcing steel bars were evaluated experimentally. Although this study was initiated to evaluate the low-cycle fatigue of reinforcing bars in precast hybrid frame connections, the conclusions presented here may also apply to other relevant applications. Laboratory tests were performed under strain-controlled cyclic axial loading with nonzero mean strains. The deformed bars were subjected to constant-amplitude sinusoidal strains ranging from zero to peak strains that varied between 2 and 8% in different tests. All tests were performed on unmachined bar specimens. The experimental data were analyzed and compared with existing low-cycle fatigue models. Such models relate the total and plastic strain ranges to the number of cycles to failure. Relationships for calculating the tensile and compressive stresses corresponding to maximum strains are proposed based on the experimental results. Equations that relate dissipated energy to strain amplitudes and the number of cycles to failure are developed. This study demonstrates that the low-cycle fatigue responses of ASTM A706 and A615 mild steel bars are similar even though their monotonic ductility ratios are very different. The proposed low-cycle fatigue relationships for both ASTM A706 and A615 mild steel bars can be used to calculate maximum permissible strains in applications such as the precast/prestressed hybrid frames. The prediction of bar fracture due to low-cycle fatigue is an important consideration in the seismic design of reinforced and precast/prestressed concrete structures.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This research work was inspired and partly supported by the PCI Daniel P. Jenny Research Fellowship for 2003–2004. The support of PCI is greatly appreciated. The research team would like to thank the Industry Advisory Panel members S. K. Ghosh, Ned Cleland, Roger Becker, Sri Sritharan, and the late Dr. Fattah Shaikh. The writers are grateful to John B. Mander for his valuable advice and input.
References
ACI Innovation Task Group 1 and Collaborators and ACI Committee 374 (ACI). (2003). “Special hybrid moment frames composed of discretely joined precast and post-tensioned concrete members and commentary.” T1.2-03 and T1.2R-03, Farmington Hills, Mich.
American Concrete Institute (ACI). (2002). “Building code requirement for structural concrete (ACI 318-02) and commentary (ACI 318R-02).” ACI 318-02, Detroit.
ASTM International. (1999). Annual book of ASTM standards v. 1.04, West Conshohocken, Pa.
Chang, G. A., and Mander, J. B. (1994). “Seismic energy based fatigue damage analysis of bridge columns: Part II—Evaluation of seismic demand.” Technical Rep. No. NCEER-94-0013, Univ. of New York at Buffalo, New York.
Coffin, L. F., Jr. (1954). “A study of the effects of cyclic thermal stresses on a ductile metal.” Trans., American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, N.Y., 76, 931–950.
Collins, A. (1993). Failure of materials in mechanical design, 2nd Ed., Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
Dutta, A., Mander, J. B., and Kokorina, T. (1999). “Retrofit for control and reparability of damage.” Earthquake Spectra, 15(4), 657–679.
Hawileh, R., Tabatabai, H., Rahman, A., and Amro, A. (2006). “Non-dimensional design procedures for precast, prestressed concrete hybrid frames.” PCI J., 51(5), 110–130.
Koh, S. K., and Stephens, R. I. (1991). “Mean stress effects on low cycle fatigue for a high strength steel.” Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct., 14(4), 413–428.
Mander, J. B., and Panthaki, F. D. (1994). “Low-cycle fatigue behavior of reinforcing steel.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 6(4), 453–468.
Manson, S. S. (1953). “Behavior of materials under conditions of thermal stress.” Proc., Heat Transfer Symp., Univ. of Michigan Engineering Research Institute, Ann Arbor, Mich., 9–75.
Ohji, K., Miller, W. R., and Marin, J. (1966). “Cumulative damage and effect of mean strain in low cycle fatigue of a 2024-T351 aluminum alloy.” ASME J. Basic Eng., 88, 801.
Sheng, G. M., and Gong, S. H. (1997). “Investigation of low cycle fatigue behavior of building structural steels under earthquake loading.” Acta Metall. Sin. (Engl. Lett.), 10(1), 51–55.
Stanton, J. F., and Nakaki, S. D. (2002a). “Design guidelines for precast concrete seismic structural systems.” PRESSS Rep. No. 01/03-09, PCI, Chicago.
Stanton, J. F., and Nakaki, S. D. (2002b). “Design guidelines for precast concrete seismic structural systems.” Rep. No. SM 02-02, Univ. of Washington, Seattle.
Stephens, R. I., Fatemi, A., and Fuchs, H. O. (2001). Metal fatigue in engineering, Wiley, New York.
Stone, W. C., Cheok, G. S., and Stanton, J. F. (1995). “Performance of hybrid moment-resisting precast beam-column concrete connections.” ACI J., 92(2), 229–249.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2010 ASCE.
History
Received: Sep 24, 2007
Accepted: Aug 24, 2009
Published online: Dec 15, 2009
Published in print: Jan 2010
Notes
Note. Associate Editor: David Trejo
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.