Midrange Temperature Rheological Properties of Warm Asphalt Binders
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 21, Issue 7
Abstract
With increasing concerns of global warming and increasing emissions, the asphalt industry is making a constant effort to lower its emissions by reducing the mixing and compaction temperatures of the asphalt mixture without affecting the properties of the mix. Several proprietary chemicals are available in the industry that can help reduce the mixing and compaction temperatures. A significant reduction of required heat can be achieved in most cases. Several studies have been conducted evaluating the properties of the warm mix asphalt; however, properties of the binders containing these chemicals have not been studied in great detail. Warm asphalts were produced using two of the available processes utilizing five different asphalt binder sources, and some rheological tests were conducted (dynamic shear rheometer and viscosity). The results indicated that binders containing the inorganic additive Aspha-Min (Eurovia, France) underwent minor or no changes compared to the base binders in terms of flow properties, stiffness, and response to creep. However, the flow of binders with the additive Sasobit (Sasol Wax, Germany), which consists of aliphatic hydrocarbons, changed from Newtonian to shear thinning at , and the viscosity of the binder at increased. Sasobit also improved the stiffness and penetration resistance of the base binders, and binders with Sasobit had significantly lower permanent deformations after repeated creep-recovery tests compared to the base binders.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Al-Abdulwahhab, H. I., Asi, I. M., Ali, F. M., and Dubabi, I. A. A. (1999). “Prediction of asphalt rheological properties using HP-GPC.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 11(1), 6–14.
Barthel, W., Marchand, J. P., and Devivere, M. (2007). “Warm asphalt mixes by adding a synthetic zeolite.” Eurovia, ⟨http://www.aspha-min.de/fr/warm_asphalt_mixes_by_adding_a_sythetic_zeolite.pdf⟩.
Binard, C., Anderson, D., Lapalu, L., and Planche, J. P. (2004). “Zero shear viscosity of modified and unmodified binders.” Proc., 3rd Eurobitume and Euroasphalt Congress, Vienne, Paper 236, 1721–1733.
Edwards, Y., Tasdemir, Y., and Isacsson, U. (2006). “Rheological effects of commercial waxes and polyphosphoric acid in bitumen —High and medium temperature performance.” Constr. Build. Mater., 21(10), 1899–1908.
Eurovia Services. (2007). “Our solutions.” ⟨http://www.eurovia.com/en/produit/135.aspx⟩.
Federal Highway Administration (FHwA). (2006). “Warm mix asphalt technologies and research.” ⟨http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/asphalt/wma.cfm⟩.
Ferry, J. D. (1980). Viscoelastic properties of polymers, 3rd Ed., Wiley, New York.
Gandhi, T. S. (2008). “Effects of warm asphalt additives on asphalt binder and mixture properties.” Ph.D. dissertation, Clemson University, Clemson, S.C.
Gandhi, T. S., and Amirkhanian, S. N. (2007). “Laboratory investigation of warm asphalt binder properties—A preliminary investigation.” MAIREPAV5 Proc., Park City, Utah.
Hurley, G., and Prowell, B. (2005a). “Evaluation of Aspha-Min for use in warm mix asphalt.” National Center for Asphalt Technology (NCAT) Rep. No. 05-04, Auburn.
Hurley, G., and Prowell, B. (2005b). “Evaluation of Sasobit for use in warm mix asphalt.” National Center for Asphalt Technology (NCAT) Rep. No. 05-06, Auburn.
Hurley, G., and Prowell, B. (2006a). “Evaluation of Evotherm for use in warm mix asphalt.” National Center for Asphalt Technology (NCAT) Rep. No. 06-02, Auburn.
Hurley, G., and Prowell, B. (2006b). “Evaluation of potential process for use in warm mix asphalt.” J. Assoc. Asph. Paving Technol., 75, 41–90.
Jennings, P. W. (1980). “High pressure liquid chromatography as a method of measuring asphalt composition.” Federal Highway Administration Rep. No. FHWA-MT-7930, Department of Chemistry, Montana State Univ., Bozeman.
Kim, K. W., and Burati, J. L. (1993). “Use of GPC chromatograms to characterize aged asphalt cements.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 5(1), 41–52.
Kim, K. W., Burati, J. L., and Amirkhanian, S. N. (1993). “Relation of HP-GPC profile with mechanical properties of AC mixtures.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 5(4), 447–459.
Kim, K. W., Kim, K., Doh, Y. S., and Amirkhanian, S. N. (2006). “Estimation of RAP’s binder viscosity using GPC without binder recovery.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 18(4), 561–567.
MeadWestvaco. (2007). “Evotherm warm mix.” ⟨http://www.meadwestvaco.com/asphalt.nsf/v/evotherm⟩.
National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP). (2007). “Characterization of modified asphalt binder in Superpave mix design.” Project 9-10, Rep. No. 459, ⟨http:onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/nchrp_rpt_459-a.pdf⟩.
Noureldin, A. S. (1982). “Experimental and statistical evaluation and improvements of local asphalt cements.” MS thesis, Faculty Of Engineering, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Price, R. P. A. (1988). “Quantitative method to characterize asphalt using HP-GPC.” Ph.D. thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, S.C.
Rajagopal, A. (2004). “Comparison and definition of state DOT’s practices in selection of materials for pavements.” Final Rep. Prepared in Cooperation of the Ohio Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration, ⟨http://www.dot/state.oh.us/research/2004/Materials/14802-FR.PDF⟩.
Roberts, F. L., Kandhal, P. S., Brown, E. R., Lee, D. Y., and Kennedy, T. W. (1996). “Hot mix asphalt materials, mixture design, and construction.” National Asphalt Pavement Association Education Foundation, Lanham, Md.
Sasol Wax, Sasobit Technology. (2007). ⟨http://www.sasolwax.com/Sasobit_Technology.html⟩.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2009 ASCE.
History
Received: Jul 11, 2007
Accepted: Jan 15, 2009
Published online: Jun 15, 2009
Published in print: Jul 2009
Notes
Note. Associate Editor: Shin-Che Huang
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.