Model for Simulating Carbonation of Fly Ash Concrete
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 17, Issue 5
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to develop a model for simulating carbonation of fly ash concrete. The model describes the diffusion of gases ( and water vapor) in concrete by the mass balance equations and the Fick’s law of diffusion. The time dependent hydration, and pozzolanic and carbonation reactions were considered for evaluating the amount of calcium hydroxide in concrete. The rate of carbonation reaction was formulated based on the Arrhenius’s formulation. The model was verified by using the results of relative water content, amount of calcium hydroxide, and carbonation depth tested in accelerated and real environments. The influence of changes in parameters on mix proportion and environmental condition were investigated. The verification results were found to be satisfactory in the prediction of carbonation of fly ash concrete.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The writers gratefully acknowledge the Golden Jubilee Scholarship provided by the Thailand Research Fund and the research fund from the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand.
References
Atis, C. D. (2003). “Accelerated carbonation and testing of concrete made with fly ash.” Constr. Build. Mater., 17(3), 147–152.
Balayssac, J. P., Detriche, C. H., and Grandet, J. (1995). “Effect of curing upon carbonation of concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater., 9(2), 91–95.
Comite Euro-International Du Beton (CEB). (1989). Durable concrete structures, CEB design guide, 2nd Ed., Bulletin D’Information No. 182, CEB, Paris, France.
Crank, J. (1975). The mathematics of diffusion, Oxford University Press, London.
Fattuhi, N. I. (1988). “Concrete carbonation as influenced by curing regime.” Cem. Concr. Res., 18, 426–430.
Freeman, R. B., and Carrasquillo, R. L. (1995). “Production of sulfate resistant concrete containing high-calcium fly ash and sodium sulfate admixture.” Proc., 5th Int. Conf. on Fly Ash, Silica Fume, Slag and Natural Pozzolans in Concrete, Wisconsin, 154–176.
Ho, D. W. S, and Lewis, R. K. (1987). “Carbonation of concrete and its prediction.” Cem. Concr. Res., 17, 489–504.
Hobbs, D. W. (1988). “Carbonation of concrete containing PFA.” Mag. Concrete Res., 40, 69–78.
Jensen, O. M., and Hansen, P. F. (2001). “Water-entrained cement-based materials. I: Principles and theoretical background.” Cem. Concr. Res., 31, 647–654.
Khunthongkeaw, J., Tangtermsirikul, S., and Leelawat, T. (2003). “Experimental investigation on carbonation of fly ash concrete.” Proc., 1st National Concrete Conference, Thailand, 1–7.
Maruya, T., Matsuoka, Y., and Tangtermsirikul, S. (1992). “Simulation of chloride movement in hardened concrete.” Concr. Library Int., 20, 57–70.
Papadakis, V. G. (2000). “Effect of fly ash on Portland cement systems. I: Low-calcium fly ash.” Cem. Concr. Res., 30, 1647–1654.
Papadakis, V. G., Vayenas, C. G., and Fardis, M. N. (1991). “Fundamental modeling and experimental investigation of concrete carbonation.” ACI Mater. J., 88(4), 363–373.
Parrott, L. J. (1996). “Some effects of cement and curing upon carbonation and reinforcement corrosion in concrete.” Mater. Struct., 29, 164–173.
Perry, R. H. (1997). Perry’s chemical engineer’s handbook, 7th Ed. McGraw–Hill, New York.
Powers, T. C. (1960). “Physical properties of cement paste.” Proc., 4th Int. Symp. on the Chemistry of Cement, Washington, D.C., 1:577–613.
RILEM Committee CPC–18. (1988). “Measurement of hardened concrete carbonation depth.” TC14-CPC, RILEM.
Rose, D. A. (1965). “Water movement in unsaturated porous materials.” RILEM Bulletin, No. 29, 119–123, RILEM.
Roy, S. K., Poh, K. B., and Northwood, D. C. (1999). “Durability of concrete-accelerated carbonation and weathering studies.” Build. Environ., 34, 597–606.
Russell, D., Basheer, P. A. M., Rankin, G. I. B., and Long, A. E. (2001). “Effect of relative humidity and air permeability on prediction of rate of carbonation of concrete.” Struct. Build., 146(3), 319–326.
Saeki, T., Ohga, H., and Nagataki, S. (1991). “Mechanism of carbonation and prediction of carbonation process of concrete.” Concr. Library Int., 17, 23–36.
Saetta, A. V., Schrefler, B. A., and Vitaliani, R. V. (1993). “The carbonation of concrete and the mechanism of moisture, heat, and carbon dioxide flow through porous materials.” Cem. Concr. Res., 23, 761–772.
Steffens, A., Dinkler, D., and Ahrens, H. (2002). “Modeling carbonation for corrosion risk prediction of concrete structures.” Cem. Concr. Res., 32, 935–941.
Sulapha, P., Wong, S. F., Wee, T. H., and Swaddiwudhipong, S. (2003). “Carbonation of concrete containing mineral admixtures” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 15(2), 134–143.
Sumranwanich, T., and Tangtermsirikul, S. (2003). “Simulation of chloride profile in cement-fly ash cementitious systems.” Proc., 1st National Concrete Conf., Thailand, 309–314.
Tangtermsirikul, S., Maruya, T., and Matsuoka, Y. (1992). “Improvement of model for simulating water movement in harden concrete: Taking into account effect of carbonation.” Taisei Tech. Res. Rep., 25, 239–242.
Tangtermsirikul, S., and Saengsoy, W. (2002). “Simulation of free water content of paste with fly ash.” Research and Development J. Engineering Institute of Thailand, 13(4), 1–10.
Tikalsky, P. J., and Carrasquillo, R. L. (1993). “Fly ash evaluation and selection for use in sulfate-resistant concrete.” ACI Mater. J., 90(6), 545–551.
Uomoto, T., and Takada, Y. (1993). “Factors affection concrete carbonation rate.” Proc., 6th Int. Conf. on Durability of Building Materials and Components, 1133–1141.
Wong, S. F., Wee, T. H., Swaddiwudhipong, S., and Lee, S. L. (2001). “Study of water movement in concrete.” Mag. Concrete Res., 53(3), 205–220.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 17 • Issue 5 • October 2005
Pages: 570 - 578
Copyright
© 2005 ASCE.
History
Received: Mar 23, 2004
Accepted: Dec 15, 2004
Published online: Oct 1, 2005
Published in print: Oct 2005
Notes
Note. Associate Editor: Zhishen Wu
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.