Municipal Solid Waste Fly Ash as a Blended Cement Material
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 15, Issue 6
Abstract
Laboratory tests were carried out to characterize the properties of municipal fly ash (MFA) samples collected from an incineration plant in Singapore over a period of 12 months. The laboratory test results show that the major elements present in all MFA samples are Ca, K, Na, Si, Al, and Mg. The specific gravity of the ash samples lies in the range of 2.12–2.58, generally lower than the value of 3.2 for ordinary Portland cement (OPC). The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of the MFA was found to be 6.03 m2/g, about six times higher than OPC, which has a BET surface area of 1.03 m2/g. In the investigation on the use of MFA as a blended cement material, 50-mm mortar cubes were cast with various percentages of the OPC being replaced by an equivalent weight of MFA. Compressive strength results indicate that up to 10% by weight of OPC could be replaced by MFA, with higher mortar strength being achieved than in the control cubes. A seven-day strength activity index of 123.6% achieved by the MFA, which is almost 50% higher than the requirement of 75%, suggests its contribution toward the strength development of the blended cements. Mercury porosimetry performed on hardened cement pastes indicated a reduction in the average pore diameter with an increasing percentage of cement replacement, indicating a pore refining capability of MFA particles. Leaching tests conducted on the blended cement mortars showed that the contamination levels in all leachate complied with the maximum limit set in U.S. EPA drinking water standards after 120 days of stabilization.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Cheong, H. K., Tay, J. H., and Show, K. Y. (2000). “Utilization of municipal solid waste fly ash as innovative civil engineering materials.” Proc., Int. Symp. on Sustainable Construction: Use of Incinerator Ash, 370–380.
Cheong, H. K., Tay, J. H., and Yong, W. H. (1992). “Municipal solid waste (MSW) ash as a constituent of concrete.” Proc., Int. Workshop on Blended Cement, 124–131.
Dhir, R. K. (1986). “Pulverised-fuel ash.” Cement replacement materials, Surrey University Press, London, 197–255.
Francis, C. W., and White, G. H.(1987). “Leaching of toxic metals from incinerator ashes.” J. Water Pollut. Control Fed., 59(11), 979–986.
Goh, A. T. C., and Tay, J.-H.(1993). “Municipal solid-waste incinerator fly ash for geotechnical applications.” J. Geotech. Eng., 119(5), 811–825.
Halliday, J. E., Dyer, T. D., and Dhir, R. K. (2000). “Use of incinerator fly ash as a pozzolanic activator.” Proc., Int. Symp. on Sustainable Construction: Use of Incinerator Ash, 447–456.
Hamernik, J. D., and Frantz, G. C.(1991). “Physical and chemical properties of municipal solid waste fly ash.” ACI Mater. J., 88(3), 294–301.
Jo, Y. M., Guang, D., and Raper, J. A.(1996). “Characterization of Australian and New Zealand fly ashes for concrete manufacture.” Adv. Cem. Res., 8(29), 21–27.
Labahn, O. (1983). Cement engineers’ handbook, Bauverlag GmbH, Berlin.
Neville, A. M. (1988). Properties of concrete, 3rd Ed., ELBS/Longman’s, London.
Popovics, S. (1979). Concrete-making materials, Hemisphere, Bristol, Pa.
Sawyer, C. N., McCarty, P. L., and Parkin, G. F. (1994). Chemistry for environmental engineering, 4th Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York.
Show, K.-Y., Tay, J.-H., and Goh, A. T. C.(2003). “Reuse of incinerator fly ash in soft soil stabilization.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 15(4), 335–343.
Slanicka, S.(1991). “The influence of fly ash fineness on the strength of concrete.” Cem. Concr. Res., 21, 285–296.
Tay, J. H.(1991). “Leachate of fly ash derived from refuse incineration.” Environ. Monit. Assess., 19, 157–164.
Tay, J. H., and Cheong, H. K.(1991). “Use of ash derived from refuse incineration as a partial replacement of cement.” Cem. Concr. Compos., 13, 171–175.
Tay, J.-H., and Show, K.-Y.(1991). “Properties of cement made from sludge.” J. Environ. Eng., 117(2), 236–246.
Tay, J.-H., and Show, K.-Y.(1993). “Manufacture of cement from sewage sludge.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 5(1), 19–29.
Wesche, K. (1991). “Fly ash in concrete: Properties and performance.” Report of Technical Committee 67—FAB: Use of Fly Ash in Building, Chapman & Hall, London.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 2003 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Nov 20, 2001
Accepted: Jan 24, 2003
Published online: Nov 14, 2003
Published in print: Dec 2003
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.