Energy‐Based Failure Criterion for Wood
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 6, Issue 4
Abstract
Recent research into the strength of dimension lumber has led to the development of an alternative failure criterion based on the notion of a critical energy density for the material. The strength of wood is known to be related to the duration of an applied load; however, duration‐of‐load effects cannot be explained within the context of a theoretical failure criterion based solely on stress. Conversely, a theoretical relationship between ultimate stress and load duration can be demonstrated when an energy‐based failure criterion is combined with a viscoelastic stress‐strain model. In the present paper, the theoretical equations expressing the relationship between ultimate stress and load duration are derived for constant intensity loads. Two related energy‐based failure models are proposed and investigated. Using available experimental data as a reference, a numerical experiment is conducted to compare the two energy models with a widely used damage accumulation model.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Ellingwood, B., and Rosowsky, D. V. (1991). “Duration of load effects in LRFD for wood construction.” J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 117(2), 584–599.
2.
Foschi, R. O., and Barrett, J. D. (1982). “Load‐duration effects in western hemlock lumber.” J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 108(7), 1494–1510.
3.
Fridley, K. J. (1990). “Load‐duration behavior of structural lumber: Effect of mechanical and environmental load histories,” PhD thesis, Auburn University, Auburn, Ala.
4.
Fridley, K. J. (1992). “Designing for creep in wood structures.” Forest Products J., 42(3), 23–28.
5.
Fridley, K. J., Tang, R. C., and Soltis, L. A. (1992a). “Creep behavior model for structural lumber.” J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 118(8), 2261–2277.
6.
Fridley, K. J., Tang, R. C., and Soltis, L. A. (1992b). “Load‐duration effects in structural lumber: strain energy approach.” J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 118(9), 2351–2369.
7.
Gerhards, C. C. (1977). “Effect of duration and rate of loading on strength of wood and wood‐based materials.” Res. Paper FPL 283, USDA, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wis.
8.
Gerhards, C. C. (1988a). “Effect of grade on load duration of Douglas‐fir lumber in bending.” Wood and Fiber Sci., 20(1), 146–161.
9.
Gerhards, C. C. (1988b). “A note on load duration of Douglas‐fir 2 by 4s under repeated loads.” Wood and Fiber Sci., 20(3), 365–369.
10.
Green, D. W., and Evans, J. W. (1987). Mechanical properties of visually graded lumber: volume 1, a summary. U.S. Dept. of Agric., Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wis.
11.
Hendrickson, E. M., Ellingwood, B., and Murphy, J. (1987). “Limit state probabilities for wood structural members.” J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 113(1), 88–106.
12.
Hoyle, R. J., Itani, R. Y., and Eckard J. J. (1986). “Creep of Douglas‐fir beams due to cyclic humidity fluctuations.” Wood and Fiber Sci., 18(3), 468–477.
13.
Madsen, B. (1973). “Duration of load tests for dry lumber in bending.” Forest Products J., 23(2), 21–28.
14.
Reiner, M. (1960). “Plastic yielding in anelasticity.” J. Mech. Physics Solids, 8(4), 255–261.
15.
Rosowsky, D., and Ellingwood, B. (1991). “System reliability and load‐sharing effects in light‐frame wood construction.” J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 117(4), 1096–1114.
16.
Senft, J. F., and Suddarth, S. K. (1971). “An analysis of creep‐inducing stress in Sitka spruce.” Wood and Fiber, 2(4), 321–327.
17.
Wood, L. W. (1951). “Relation of strength of wood to duration of load.” Rep. No. 1916, U.S. Dept. of Agric., Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wis.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 6 • Issue 4 • November 1994
Pages: 578 - 594
Copyright
Copyright © 1994 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Sep 13, 1993
Published online: Nov 1, 1994
Published in print: Nov 1994
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.