TECHNICAL PAPERS
Jul 15, 2009

Forecasting the Remaining Useful Life of Cast Iron Water Mains

Publication: Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 23, Issue 4

Abstract

Effective asset management strategy of civil infrastructure systems requires integration of technical and financial plans. This is particularly true in managing water mains, which requires knowledge of their current condition and their forecasted remaining useful life. This paper presents a model designed to forecast the remaining useful life of cast iron water mains. The model is easy to use and its generated results are utilized in determining condition rating of the water mains being considered. The model considers factors related to pipe properties, its operating conditions, and the external environment that surrounds the pipe. In addition, it overcomes limitations associated with existing models. Three different data-driven techniques are considered in the model development; each is used to study the relationship between remaining useful life and a set of deterioration factors, and to forecast remaining useful life of cast iron water mains. These techniques are multiple regression and two types of artificial neural networks: multilayer perceptron; and general regression neural network. The data used in model development were acquired from 16 municipalities in Canada and the United States. The results produced by the developed models correlate well with the actual conditions.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Acknowledgments

The writers wish to acknowledge the financial support provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada,NRC and the internal research grant provided by the Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science, Concordia University. They would also like to thank Dr. R. Sadiq, for sharing his valuable knowledge and time.

References

American Water Works Association (AWWA). (1977). Standard for thickness design of cast iron pipe, C101-67 (R1977), ANSI/AWWA, Denver.
Conlin, R., and Baker, T. (1991). “Application of fracture mechanics to the failure behavior of buried cast iron mains.” Contract Rep. No. 266, London: Transport and Road Research Laboratory, London.
Dorn, E., Howsam, P., Hyde, R., and Jarvis, M. (1996). “Water mains guidance on assessment and inspection techniques.” Rep. No. 162, CIRIA, London.
Gibbs, M., Morgan, N., and Maier, H., Dandy, Nixon J., and Holmes, M. (2006). “Investigation into the relationship between chlorine decay and water distribution factors using data driven methods.” Math. Comput. Modell., 44, 485–498.
Gummow, R. (1984). “The corrosion of municipal iron water mains.” Mat. Perf., 19(3), 39–42.
Irwan, N., Sobri, H., and Hashem, A. (2007). “Radial basis function modeling of hourly streamflow hydrograph.” J. Hydrol. Eng., 12(1), 113–123.
Kirby, P. (1977). Internal corrosion and loss of strength of iron pipes, Water Research Centre, Swindon, U.K.
Kirmeyer, G. J., Richards, W., and Smith, C. D. (1994). An assessment of water distribution systems and associated research needs, American Water Works Association Research Foundation, Denver.
Kleiner, Y., and Rajani, B. (2000). “Considering time-dependent factors in the statistical prediction of water main breaks.” Proc., American Water Works Association Infrastructure Conf., Baltimore.
Kleiner, Y., and Rajani, B. (2002). “Modeling the deterioration of water mains and planning their renewal.” Proc., Infra 2002 Int. Conf. on Urban Infrastructure, Montreal.
Kleiner, Y., and Rajani, B. (2004). “Quantifying effectiveness of cathodic protection in water mains: Theory.” J. Infrastruct. Syst., 10(2), 43–51.
Lawrence, J. (1994). Introduction to neural networks. Design, theory and applications, California Scientific Software Press, Nevada City, Calif.
Maier, S., Powell, R., and Woodward, C. (2000). “Calibration and comparison of chlorine decay models for a test water distribution system.” Water Res., 34(8), 2301–2309.
MathWorks, Inc. (2008). ⟨http://www.mathworks.com⟩.
Mie, T., and Tong, Q. (2004). “Application of neural networks for software quality prediction using object-oriented metrics.” J. Syst. Softw., 76, 147–156.
Minitab software release, 14, user’s manual. (2006). Minitab Inc., State College, Pa.
Montgomery, D. C., and Peck, E. A. (1982). Introduction to linear regression analysis, Wiley, New York.
Moselhi, O., and Fahmy, M. (2007). “Integrated multiple-sensor methodology for condition assessment of water mains.” Proc., 2nd World Congress on Engineering Asset Management and 4th Int. Conf. on Condition Monitoring, Harrogate, U.K.
Myers, R. H. (2000). Classical and modern regression with applications, 3rd Ed., Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.
National Research Council (NRC). (2003). “Infra-guide innovations and best practices.” Developing a water distribution system renewal plan, Vol. 6, Ottawa.
O’Day, D. K. (1983). “Analyzing infrastructure condition—A practical approach.” Civ. Eng. (N.Y.), 53(4), 39–42.
O’Day, D. K., Weiss, R., Chiavari, S., and Blair, D. (1986). Water main evaluation for rehabilitation/replacement, AWWA, Denver.
Pelletier, G., Mailhot, A., and Villeneuve, J.-P. (2003). “Modeling water pipe breaks—Three case studies.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage., 129(2), 115–123.
Rajani, B., et al. (2000). Investigation of grey cast iron water mains to develop a methodology for estimating service life, American Water Works Association Research Foundation, Denver.
Rajani, B., and Makar, J. (2001). “A methodology to estimate remaining service life of gray cast iron water mains.” Can. J. Civ. Eng., 27, 1259–1272.
Rajani, B., and McDonald, S. (1995). “Water mains break data on different pipe materials for 1992 and 1993.” Rep. No. A-7019.1, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa.
Rajani, B., Zhan, C., and Kuraoka, S. (1996). “Pipe-soil interaction analysis for jointed water mains.” Can. Geotech. J., 33(3), 393–404.
Romanoff, M. (1964). “Exterior corrosion of cast iron pipe.” J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 56(9), 1129–1143.
Rossum, J. (1969). “Prediction of pitting rates in ferrous metals from soil parameters.” J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 61(6), 305–310.
Sacluti, F., Stanley, S. J., and Zhang, Q. (1998). “Use of artificial neural networks to predict water distribution pipe breaks.” Proc., 50th Annual Conf. of the Western Canadian Water and Wastewater Association, Calgary, Alta., Canada.
Seica, M. and Packer, J., Grabinsky, and Adams, B. (2002). “Evaluation of the properties of Toronto iron water mains and surrounding soil.” Can. J. Civ. Eng., 29, 222–237.
Sinske, S., and Zietsman, H. (2004). “A spatial decision support system for pipe-break susceptibility analysis of municipal water distribution systems.” Water SA, 30(1), ⟨http://www.wrc.org.za⟩.
Thwin, M., and Quah, T. (2003). “Application of neural networks for software quality prediction using object-oriented metrics.” Proc., Int. Conf. on Software Maintenance.
Ward Systems Group, Inc. (1996). NeuroShell-2 user’s manual, Frederick, Md.
Yamamoto, K., Mizoguti, S., and Yoshimitsu, K. (1983). “Relation between graphitic corrosion and strength degradation of cast iron pipe.” Corros. Eng., 32(3), 157–162.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 23Issue 4August 2009
Pages: 269 - 275

History

Received: Aug 9, 2007
Accepted: Mar 31, 2009
Published online: Jul 15, 2009
Published in print: Aug 2009

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Mohamed Fahmy, M.ASCE [email protected]
P.E.
Ph.D. Candidate, Dept. of Building, Civil, and Environmental Engineering, Concordia Univ., 1455 Blvd. de Maisonneuve W, Montreal QC, Canada H3G 1M8 (corresponding author). E-mail: [email protected]
Osama Moselhi, F.ASCE [email protected]
P.E.
Professor, Dept. of Building, Civil, and Environmental Engineering, Concordia Univ., 1455 Blvd. de Maisonneuve W, Montreal QC, Canada H3G 1M8. E-mail: [email protected]

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share