TECHNICAL PAPERS
Jun 1, 1998

Site Investigations of Fuel Spill Migration into Permafrost

Publication: Journal of Cold Regions Engineering
Volume 12, Issue 2

Abstract

In the summers of 1995 and 1996 subsurface investigations were conducted to examine the vertical migration of petroleum hydrocarbons into the permafrost at two different sites in the Canadian Arctic where fuel spills had previously occurred: Canadian Forces Station Alert on the Northern tip of Ellesmere Island, and Isachsen High Arctic Weather Station on Ellef Ringnes Island. Petroleum hydrocarbon contamination was found below the permafrost table in excess of 1.5 m at Alert, and in excess of 0.6 m at Isachsen, both depths being the maximum depths of the investigations. This paper provides the detailed results of these investigations with an explanation of the expected transport mechanisms. The results show that the permafrost may not be an impermeable barrier to nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) contamination under some circumstances.

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References

1.
Biggar, K. W. (1995). “The effects of petroleum spills on permafrost.”Proc., 1995 Can. Soc. for Civ. Engrg. Annu. Conf., Ottawa, Canada.
2.
French, H. M.(1985). “Surface disposal of waste drilling fluids, Ellef Ringnes Island, N.W.T.: short-term observations.”Arctic, 38, 292–302.
3.
Handbook of analytical methods for environmental samples, Vol. 2. (1983). Laboratory services and Applied Research Branch, Ministry of the Environment, Canada, PB5–PB8.
4.
Hivon, E. G., and Sego, D. C.(1995). “Strength of frozen saline soil.”Can. Geotech. J., Ottawa, Canada, 32, 336–354.
5.
Nakano, Y., and Tice, A.(1990). “Transport of water due to a temperature gradient in unsaturated frozen clay.”Cold Regions, Sci. and Technol., 18, 57–75.
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Nakano, Y., Tric, A., Oliphant, J., and Jenkins, T.(1982). “Transport of water in frozen soil. I: Experimental determination of soils-water diffusivity under isothermal conditions.”Adv. Water Resour., 5, 221–226.
7.
Nakano, Y., Tice, A., Oliphant, J., and Jenkins, T.(1983). “Transport of water in frozen soil. II: Effects of ice on the transport of water under isothermal conditions.”Adv. Water Resour., 6, 15–26.
8.
Neufeld, J. C. R., and Biggar, K. W. (1996). “Vertical migration of diesel into silty sand subject to cyclic freeze-thaw.”8th Int. Conf. on Cold Regions Engrg., Fairbanks, Alaska, 116–127.

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Go to Journal of Cold Regions Engineering
Journal of Cold Regions Engineering
Volume 12Issue 2June 1998
Pages: 84 - 104

History

Published online: Jun 1, 1998
Published in print: Jun 1998

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Authors

Affiliations

Kevin W. Biggar
Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Civ. and Envir. Engrg., Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G7, Canada. E-mail: [email protected].
Saleh Haidar
Res. Asst., Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON, K7K 6X7, Canada.
Michael Nahir
Proj. Engr., Envir. Services, Public Works and Government Services Canada, 1000-9700 Jasper Ave., 9th Floor, Edmonton, AB, T5J 4E2, Canada.
Peter M. Jarrett
Prof., Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON, K7K 6X7, Canada.

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