TECHNICAL PAPERS
Mar 1, 1988

Application of Fracture Mechanics to Ice/Structure Interactions

Publication: Journal of Cold Regions Engineering
Volume 2, Issue 1

Abstract

The brittle nature of ice, particularly at high strain rates, suggests that fracture mechanics may be a suitable tool for modeling ice/structure interactions. However, tests on polycrystalline randomly oriented freshwater ice have shown that, at a strain rate of 10-3/s, the limiting load on a sample may be that required to initiate a new crack even in precracked samples. Other tests on notched samples of columnar saline ice have shown fracture away from the notch. Given these results, the limitations of fracture mechanics in modeling ice/structure interactions is discussed in relation to the following topics: crack initiation versus crack propagation; crack tip zone size and notch‐toughening effects; microstructural effects; and geometrical description of ice fields. It is concluded that further basic understanding of the material behavior of ice is needed before fracture mechanics can be safely applied in the modeling of ice/structure interactions.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

References

1.
Atkins, A. G., and Mai, Y.‐W. (1985). Elastic and plastic fracture, Ellis Horwood Ltd., Chichester, N.Y.
2.
Broek, D. (1982). Elementary engineering fracture mechanics, Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, Netherlands.
3.
Dempsey, J. P., Nigam, D., and Cole, D. M. (1988). “The flexure and fracture of macrocrystalline S1 type ice,” to be presented at OMAE‐88 in Feb., Houston, Tex.
4.
Hallam, S. D., Jones, N., and Howard, M. W. (1987). “The effect of sub‐surface irregularities on the strength of multi‐year ice,” Proc. 6th Internal. OMAE Conf., vol. 4, 235–238.
5.
Knott, J. F. (1983). Fundamentals of fracture mechanics, Butterworths, London, England.
6.
Landes, J. D., and Begley, J. A. (1976). “A fracture mechanics approach to creep crack growth.” ASTM Special Technical Publication 590, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, Pa., 128–148.
7.
Lee, R. W. (1986). “A procedure for testing cored ice under tension,” J. Glaciology, 32(112), 540–541.
8.
Lee, R. W., and Schulson, E. M. (1986). “The effect of grain size on the tensile strength of ice at two strain rates.” Proc. 5th Intenat. OMAE Conf., vol. 4, 298–302.
9.
Maes, M. A., Jordaan, I. J., Cormeau, A., and Baldwin, J. (1986). “Probabilistic theories for the failure of sea ice.” Proc. 1st Internat. Ice Tech. Conf., 37–54.
10.
Nixon, W. A., and Schulson, E. M. (1986). “Fracture toughness of freshwater ice as a function of loading rate.” Proc. 1st Intemat. Ice Tech. Conf., 287–296.
11.
Nixon, W. A., and Schulson, E. M. (1987). “A micromechanical view of the fracture toughness of ice.” J. de Physique, Les Vlis Cedex, France, Colloque Cl, supplement au no 3, Tome 48, 313–319.
12.
Palmer, A. C., Goodman, D. J., Ashby, M. F., Evans, A. G., Hutchinson, J. W., and Ponter, A. R. S. (1983). “Fracture and its role in determining ice forces on offshore structures.” Annals of Glaciology, 4, 216–221.
13.
Ralston, T. D. (1978). “An analysis of ice sheet indentation.” Proc. Sym. on Ice Problems, International Association for Hydraulic Research, part 1, 13–31.
14.
Richter‐Menge, J. A., and Cox, G. F. N. (1985). “Structure, salinity and density of multi‐year sea ice pressure ridges.” Proc. 4th Intemat. OMAE Conf., vol. 2, 194–198.
15.
Riedel, H., and Rice, R. W. (1980). “Tensile cracks in creeping solids.” ASTM Special Technical Publication 700, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, Pa., 112–130.
16.
Rojansky, M. (1986). “Large scale versus small scale ice force prediction.” Proc. 5th Intemat. OMAE Conf, vol. 4, 467–471.
17.
Sackinger, W. M. (1986). “Generation and trajectories of ice islands and multi‐year ice floes.” Proc. 1st Intemat. Ice Tech. Conf., 579–594.
18.
Sanderson, T. J. O., and Child, A. J. (1986). “Ice loads on offshore structures: the transition from creep to fracture.” Cold Regions Sci. and Tech., 12, 157–161.
19.
“Standard test method for plane strain fracture toughness of metallic materials.” (1981). ASTM E399‐81, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, Pa.
20.
Toor, P. M., and Hudson, C. M. (1986). “References and conference proceedings towards the understanding of the fracture toughness of ice.” J. Testing and Evaluation, 14, 61–75.
21.
Wells, A. A. (1961). “Unstable crack propagation in metals: cleavage and fast fracture.” Proc. Crack Propagation Sym., Cranfield, England.
22.
Wierzbicki, T. (1985). “Spalling and buckling of ice sheets.” Proc. Arctic Offshore Engrg. Conf., 953–961.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Cold Regions Engineering
Journal of Cold Regions Engineering
Volume 2Issue 1March 1988
Pages: 1 - 12

History

Published online: Mar 1, 1988
Published in print: Mar 1988

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Wilfred A. Nixon
Inst. of Hydr. Res., Univ. of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242‐1585

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share