Local Melting of Ice Cover by Thermal Side Effluent
Publication: Journal of Cold Regions Engineering
Volume 1, Issue 3
Abstract
In northern rivers, reaches of open water in the ice cover may exist throughout the winter season. Some of these reaches are the result of a tributary effluent of higher temperature or of fast‐moving water that alter the thermal and hydrodynamic conditions of ice‐cover progression. The temperature distribution downstream of the point of effluent discharge is controlled by the hydrodynamic characteristics of the stream and the meteorological conditions prevailing at the site. This paper deals with the development and the testing of an analytical approach concerned with the suppression of ice cover from the point of effluent discharge up to the ultimate advancing of its fronts. The the‐oretical formulation is based on a quasi‐one‐dimensional approach; however, it allows for special consideration of the nonlinear variation in the stream geometry and adjustment for a partial mixing assumption. The formulation of the upstream ice‐edge location is developed based on the 0 °C isotherm. The up‐stream and the downstream ice edges are investigated for the unsteady uniform flow and for the steady nonuniform flow. Conditions for the nonsuppression of the ice cover are also obtained based on the relative positions of the upstream and downstream ice edges. Comparison with field data suggests a good agreement with the formulation incorporating the thermal velocity effluent.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Anderson, E. R. (1954). “Energy budget studies in water loss investigation: Lake Henfer studies.” U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper No. 269, Washington, D.C., 71–118.
2.
Arden, R. S., and Wigle, T. E. (1972). “Dynamics of ice formation in the upper Niagara River.” International symposium on the role of snow and ice in hydrology, Banff, Alberta, Canada.
3.
Ashton, G. D. (1984). “River ice suppression by side channel discharge of warm water.” IAHR Conf., Montreal, Quebec, 65–73.
4.
Ashton, G. D. (1979). “Suppression of river ice by thermal effluents.” Parts I and II, Report 79‐30, USA Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, Hanover, N.H.
5.
Calkins, D. J. (1984). “Ice cover melting in shallow river.” Can. J. Civil Eng., 11(2), 225–265.
6.
Campagne de mesures des glaces. (1982). Annexe (C), Hydro‐Québec, Montreal, Canada, prepared by Recherches B. C. Michel Inc. (in French).
7.
Dingman, S. L. (1972). “Equilibrium temperature of water surface as related to air temperature and solar radiation.” Water Resour. Res. 8(1), 42–49.
8.
Freysteinsson, S. (1970). “Calculation of frazil ice production,” Paper 2.1, IAHR, Reykjavik, Iceland, 188–192.
9.
Ince, S., and Ashe, G. W. T. (1964). “Observations on the winter temperature structure of the St. Lawrence River.” Proceedings of the Eastern Snow Conference, Québec, Canada, 1–13.
10.
Paily, P. P. Macagno, E. O., and Kennedy, J. F. (1974). “Winter‐regime surface heat loss from heated streams,” Report No. 155, Iowa Institute of Hydraulic Research, Iowa City, Iowa.
11.
Rohsen, W. M., and Choi, H. Y. (1961). Heat mass and momentum transfer, Prentice Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 1987 ASCE.
History
Published online: Sep 1, 1987
Published in print: Sep 1987
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.