Experimental Study of Tsunami Generation by Three-Dimensional Rigid Underwater Landslides
Publication: Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 133, Issue 6
Abstract
Large scale, three-dimensional, laboratory experiments are performed to study tsunami generation by rigid underwater landslides. The main purpose of these experiments is to both gain insight into landslide tsunami generation processes and provide data for subsequent validation of a three-dimensional numerical model. In each experiment a smooth and streamlined rigid body slides down a plane slope, starting from different initial submergence depths, and generates surface waves. Different conditions of wave nonlinearity and dispersion are generated by varying the model slide initial submergence depth. Surface elevations are measured with capacitance gauges. Runup is measured at the tank axis using a video camera. Landslide acceleration is measured with a microaccelerometer embedded within the model slide, and its time of passage is further recorded at three locations down the slope. The repeatability of experiments is very good. Landslide kinematics is inferred from these measurements and an analytic law of motion is derived, based on which the slide added mass and drag coefficients are computed. Characteristic distance and time of slide motion, as well as a characteristic tsunami wavelength, are parameters derived from these analyses. Measured wave elevations yield characteristic tsunami amplitudes, which are found to be well predicted by empirical equations derived in earlier work, based on two-dimensional numerical computations. The strongly dispersive nature and directionality of tsunamis generated by underwater landslides is confirmed by wave measurements at gauges. Measured coastal runup is analyzed and found to correlate well with initial slide submergence depth or characteristic tsunami amplitude.
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Acknowledgments
The research reported here was supported by Grant No. NSFCMS-0100223 from the National Science Foundation. The late Cliff Astill, NSF Program Director at the time, is gratefully remembered for his continuing support of landslide tsunami research and for funding the writers’ project. The writers are also grateful for productive discussions with, and suggestions made, by Dr. P. Watts, Applied Fluids Engng. Inc., regarding the design of the experimental setup. Finally, the writers gratefully acknowledge the constructive comments and suggestions made by anonymous reviewers that helped improve the paper readability.
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Information
Published In
Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 133 • Issue 6 • November 2007
Pages: 442 - 454
Copyright
© 2007 ASCE.
History
Received: Feb 3, 2006
Accepted: Sep 30, 2006
Published online: Nov 1, 2007
Published in print: Nov 2007
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