Fluid-Soil-Structure Interaction in Liquefaction around a Cyclically Moving Cylinder
Publication: Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 132, Issue 4
Abstract
Coastal or offshore structures such as pipelines installed on the seabed are submitted to cyclic horizontal loads either by the direct hydrodynamic action of waves or through the cyclic movement of risers or flow lines transmitted by floating structures. In fine sandy or silty soils these cyclic loads can induce a liquefaction of the surrounding bed, which can play an important part in the processes of erosion, trenching, or self-burial of the pipes. As part of the LIMAS program, a full-scale physical model was built to study the fluid-soil-structure interaction with special emphasis on the conditions leading to liquefaction around a pipe instrumented with pore pressure sensors. The experiments indicate a development of excess pore pressure at the pipe-soil interface much higher than the effective overburden stress, and a lateral visualization provided evidence of the liquefaction of a soil band in the vicinity of the pipe. The penetration of the structure can be related to the phenomenon of liquefaction.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This study was partially funded by the European Commission Research Directorate, FP5, specific program “Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development,” Contract No. UNSPECIFIEDEVK3-CT-2000-00038, Liquefaction Around Marine Structures LIMAS (http://www.isva.dtu.dk/limas:public/limas2.html). The writers thank G. Valls Benavides for his help in developing the testing setup and participating in the first experiments.
References
Berrill, J. B., Canou, J., Foray, P., and Pautre, J. L. (1992). “Piezocone testing of liquefaction sites: Normalization of excess pore pressure.” Proc., 10th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, Madrid.
Bonjean, D., Foray, P., and Michallet, H. (2004a). “Occurrence of liquefaction in cyclic burial of a structure submitted to wave action and resting on the seabed.” Proc., Int. Conf. on Cyclic Behavior of Soils, CBS’ 04, Bochum, Germany, in Cyclic Behavior of Soils and Liquefaction Phenomena, Triantafillydis, ed., Balkema, Rotterdom, The Netherlands.
Bonjean, D., Foray, P., Piedra-Cueva, I., Michallet, H., Breul, P., Haddani, Y., Mory, M., and Abadie, S. (2004b). “Monitoring of the foundations of a coastal structure submitted to breaking waves: Occurrence of momentary liquefaction.” Proc., Int. Conf. on Offshore and Polar Engineering ISOPE 2004, Toulon, France, Vol. II, 585–592.
Branque, D. (1998). “Etude de l’auto ensouillement des pipelines flexibles soumis à la houle et aux courants marins.” Ph.D. dissertation, Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (in French).
Branque, D., Foray, P., and Labanieh, S. (2001). “Etude expérimentale de l’interaction entre les fonds marins et les pipelines flexibles soumis à la houle et aux courants.” Rev. Fr. Géotech., 97, 61–78 (in French).
Branque, D., Foray, P., and Labanieh, S. (2002). “Wave-induced interaction between soil and flexible pipelines resting on the seabed.” Proc., Int. Conf. of Physical Modeling in Geotechnics, St. John, Newfoundland, Canada, Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 271–276.
Brennodden, H., Sveggen, O., Wagner, D. A., and Murff, J. D. (1986). “Full scale pipe-soil interaction tests.” Proc., 18th Offshore Technology Conf., OTC 5338, Houston.
Bryndum, M. B., Jacobsen, V., and Thasalis, D. T. (1992). “Hydrodynamic forces on pipelines: model tests.” J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng., 114, 231–241.
Cheng, L., Sumer, B. M., and Fredsoe, J. (2001). “Solutions of pore pressure build up due to progressive waves.” Int. J. Numer. Analyt. Meth. Geomech., 25, 885–907.
Damgaard, J. S., and Palmer, A. C. (2001). “Pipeline stability on a mobile and liquefied seabed: A discussion of magnitudes and engineering implications.” Proc., 20th Conf. on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, OMAE’01, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Foray, P., Bonjean, D., and Michallet, H. (2004). “Influence of sand liquefaction on the self burial of a pipe submitted to wave action.” Proc., Int. Conf. on Offshore and Polar Engineering ISOPE 2004, Toulon, France, Paper No. 2004-JSC-225, Vol. II, 571–578.
Lambrakos, K. F. (1985). “Marine pipeline soil friction coefficient from in-situ testing.” Ocean Eng., 12(2), 131–150.
Lyons, C. G. (1973). “Soil resistance to lateral sliding of marine pipelines.” Proc., 5th Offshore Technology Conference, OTC 1876, Houston.
Morison, J. R., O’Brien, M. P., Johnson, J. W., and Schaaf, S. A. (1950). “The forces exerted by surfaced waves on piles.” Trans. AIME, 189, 149–154.
Morris, D. V., Webb, R. E., and Dunlap, W. A. (1988). “Self-burial of laterally loaded offshore pipelines in weak sediments.” Proc., 20th Offshore Technology Conf., OTC 5855, Houston.
Palmer, A. C., Steenfelt, J. S., and Jacobsen, V. (1988). “Lateral resistance of marine pipelines on sand.” Proc., 20th Offshore Technology Conf., OTC 5853, Houston.
Sassa, S., Seikiguchi, H., and Miyamoto, J. (2001). “Analysis of progressive liquefaction as a moving boundary problem.” Geotechnique 51(10), 847–857.
Sumer, B. M., and Fredsøe, J. (1997). Hydrodynamics around cylindrical structures, Advanced Series on Ocean Engineering, Vol. 12, World Scientific, Singapore.
Sumer, B. M., Fredsoe, J., Christensen, S., and Lind, M. T. (1999). “Sinking/floatation of pipelines and other objects in liquefied soils under waves.” Coastal Eng., 38, 53–90.
Sumer, B. M., Truelsen, C., and Fredsøe, J. (2006). “Liquefaction around pipelines under waves.” J. Waterw., Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng., 132(4), 266–275.
Teh, T. C., Palmer, A. C., and Damgaard, J. S. (2003). “Experimental study of marine pipelines on unstable and liquefied seabed.” Coastal Eng., 50, 1–17.
Veritec. (1988). “Recommended practice E 305 on bottom stability design of submarine pipelines.” Veritas Offshore Technology and Service.
Wagner, D. A., Murff, J. D., and Brennodden, H. (1987). “Pipe-soil interaction model.” Proc., 19th Offshore Technology Conf., OTC 5504, Houston.
Wolfram, W. R., Getz, J. R., and Verley, R. L. P. (1987). “Pipestab Project: Improvement design basis for submarine pipeline stability.” Proc., 19th Offshore Technology Conf., OTC 5501, Houston.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 132 • Issue 4 • July 2006
Pages: 289 - 299
Copyright
© 2006 ASCE.
History
Received: Sep 24, 2004
Accepted: Mar 1, 2005
Published online: Jul 1, 2006
Published in print: Jul 2006
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.