Wavemaker Curves for Tsunamis Generated by Underwater Landslides
Publication: Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 124, Issue 3
Abstract
A nondimensional wavemaker curve of a characteristic water wave amplitude is constructed from the landslide length, the initial landslide submergence, the incline angle measured from the horizontal, the characteristic distance of landslide motion, and the characteristic duration of landslide motion. This wavemaker curve applies broadly to water waves generated by unsteady motion of a submerged object, provided the motion is governed by only one characteristic distance scale and one characteristic time scale. An analytical solution of solid block motion provides the characteristic distance scale and time scale. Two-dimensional experimental results on a 45° incline confirm that a wavemaker curve for solid block landslides exists as a function of the nondimensional initial submergence and what is called the Hammack number. Water wave amplitudes generated by solid block landslides can be predicted from the wavemaker curve if the solid block motion is known. Criteria for the generation of linear water waves are given.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Assier Rzadkiewicz, S., Mariotti, C., and Heinrich, P.(1997). “Numerical simulation of submarine landslides and their hydraulic effects.”J. Wtrwy., Port, Coast., and Oc. Engrg., ASCE, 123(4), 149–157.
2.
Brennan, C. E. (1995). Cavitation and bubble dynamics. Oxford University Press, New York, N.Y.
3.
Hammack, J. L.(1971). “Discussion.”J. Wtrwy., Harbor, and Coast. Engrg., ASCE, 97(2), 417–423.
4.
Hammack, J. L. (1972). “Tsunamis: A model of their generation and propagation,” PhD thesis, California Inst. of Technol., Pasadena, Calif.
5.
Hammack, J. L.(1973). “A note on tsunamis: Their generation and propagation in an ocean of uniform depth.”J. Fluid Mech., 60, 769–799.
6.
Harbitz, C. B.(1992). “Model simulations of tsunamis generated by the Storegga slides.”Marine Geology, 105, 1–21.
7.
Heinrich, P.(1992). “Nonlinear water waves generated by submarine and aerial landslides.”J. Wtrwy., Port, Coast., and Oc. Engrg., ASCE, 118(3), 249–266.
8.
Hoerner, S. F. (1965). Fluid-dynamic drag. Published by the author.
9.
Hughes, S. A. (1993). Physical models and laboratory techniques in coastal engineering. World Scientific, Singapore.
10.
Iwasaki, S.(1982). “Experimental study of a tsunami generated by a horizontal motion of a sloping bottom.”Bull. Earth. Res. Inst., 57, 239–262.
11.
Iwasaki, S. (1987). “On the estimation of a tsunami generated by a submarine landslide.”Proc., Int. Tsunami Symp., Vancouver, B.C., 134–138.
12.
Jiang, L., and LeBlond, P. H. (1992). “The coupling of a submarine slide and the surface waves which it generates.”J. Geoph. Res., 97(C8), 12731–12744.
13.
Jiang, L., and LeBlond, P. H. (1993). “Numerical modeling of an underwater Bingham plastic mudslide and the waves which it generates.”J. Geoph. Res., 98(C6), 10303–10317.
14.
Kajiura, K.(1970). “Tsunami source, energy and directivity of wave energy.”Bull. Earth. Res. Inst., 48, 835–869.
15.
Lander, J. F. (1996). Tsunamis affecting Alaska 1737–1996. Publication 31, Nat. Geophysical Data Ctr., Nat. Envir. Satellite, Data, and Info. Service, Nat. Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin., U.S., Dept. of Commerce, Boulder, Colo.
16.
Lander, J. F., and Lockridge, P. A. (1989). United States tsunamis 1890– 1988. Publication 41-2, Nat. Geophysical Data Ctr., Nat. Envir. Satellite, Data, and Info. Service, Nat. Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin., U.S., Dept. of Commerce, Boulder, Colo.
17.
Lander, J. F., Lockridge, P. A., and Kozuch, M. J. (1993). Tsunamis affecting the west coast of the United States 1806–1992. Publication 29, Nat. Geophysical Data Ctr., Nat. Envir. Satellite, Data, and Info. Service, Nat. Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin., U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Boulder, Colo.
18.
Murty, T. S. (1979). “Submarine slide-generated water waves in Kitimat inlet, British Columbia.”J. Geoph. Res., 84(C12), 7777–7779.
19.
Pearlman, M. D. (1963). Dynamic calibration of wave probes. Report 39, Dept. of Naval Arch. and Marine Engrg., MIT, Cambridge, Mass.
20.
Prins, J. E.(1958). “Characteristics of waves generated by a local disturbance.”Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, 39(5), 865–874.
21.
Sabatier, P. C.(1983). “On water waves produced by ground motions.”J. Fluid Mech., 126, 27–58.
22.
Striem, H. L., and Miloh, T.(1976). “Tsunamis induced by submarine slumpings off the coast of Israel.”Int. Hydrographic Rev., 2, 41–55.
23.
Watts, P. (1997). “Water waves generated by underwater landslides,” PhD thesis, California Inst. of Technol., Pasadena, Calif.
24.
Wiegel, R. L.(1955). “Laboratory studies of gravity waves generated by the movement of a submarine body.”Trans. Am Geophys. Union, 36(5), 759–774.
25.
Wiegel, R. L., Noda, E. K., Kuba, E. M., Gee, D. M., and Tornberg, G. F. (1970). “Water waves generated by landslides in reservoirs.”J. Wtrwy., Harbor, and Coast. Engrg., ASCE, 307–333.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 124 • Issue 3 • May 1998
Pages: 127 - 137
Copyright
Copyright © 1998 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: May 1, 1998
Published in print: May 1998
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.