Validation of Numerical Model for Wind Waves and Swell in Harbors
Publication: Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 122, Issue 5
Abstract
The numerical wave model HARBD has been used extensively within and outside the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for estimating waves in harbors. The model was originally developed for long waves (harbor oscillations). It has been extended for use with short waves (wind waves and swell) and validated by several investigations, most notably Chen's (1986) fundamental investigation of long waves in a rectangular harbor. This study focuses on short-wave validation. The model is tested with several simple domains, in most cases with uniform depth. It is validated with laboratory data for irregular wave diffraction around a semi-infinite breakwater. Both broad and narrow directional spreads are considered. The model is also compared to widely accepted curves for regular and irregular wave diffraction through a breakwater gap. Field validation of the model for Kaumalapau Harbor, Lanai, Hawaii, is discussed. Tests demonstrate the effect of input parameters on model results and provide guidelines about the choice of parameter values in future modeling efforts.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Abbott, M. B., and Madsen, P. A. (1991). “Modeling of wave agitation in harbors.”The Sea, B. LeMehaute and D. M. Hanes, eds., John Wiley, New York, N.Y.
2.
Allsop, N. W. H. (1990). “Reflection performance of rock armoured slopes in random waves.”Proc., 22nd Coast. Engrg. Conf., Vol. 2, ASCE, New York, N.Y., 1460–1472.
3.
Allsop, N. W. H., and Hettiarachchi, S. S. L. (1988). “Reflections from coastal structures.”Proc., 21st Coast. Engrg. Conf., Vol. 1, ASCE, New York, N.Y. 782–794.
4.
Berkhoff, J. C. W. (1972). “Computation of combined refraction-diffraction.”Proc., 13th Coast. Engrg. Conf. Vol. 1, ASCE, New York, N.Y., 471–490.
5.
Bottin, Jr., R. R., Sargent, F. E., and Mize, M. G. (1985). “Fisherman's Wharf area, San Francisco Bay, California, design for wave protection: Physical and numerical model investigation.”Tech. Rep. CERC-86-7, U.S. Army Engr. Wtrwy. Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss.
6.
Briggs, M. J., Thompson, E. F., and Vincent, C. L.(1995). “Wave diffraction around breakwater.”J. Wtrwy., Port, Coast. and Oc. Engrg., ASCE, 121(1), 23–35.
7.
Chen, H. S.(1986). “Effects of bottom friction and boundary absorption on water wave scattering.”Appl. Oc. Res., 8(2), 99–104.
8.
Chen, H. S., and Houston, J. R. (1987). “Calculation of water oscillation in coastal harbors; HARBS and HARBD user's manual.”Instruction Rep. CERC-87-2, U.S. Army Engr. Wtrwy. Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss.
9.
Chen, H. S., and Mei, C. C. (1974). “Oscillations and wave forces in an offshore harbor.”Rep. 190, R. M. Parsons Lab. Water Resour. and Hydr., Massachusetts Inst. of Technol., Cambridge, Mass.
10.
Clausner, J. E., and Abel, C. E. (1987). “Contained aquatic disposal: Site location and cap material investigations for outer Indiana Harbor, IN, and southern Lake Michigan.”Disposal Alternatives for PCB-Contaminated Sediments from Indiana Harbor, Indiana, Miscellaneous Paper EL-87-9, Vol. II, Appl. J., U.S. Army Engr. Wtrwy. Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss.
11.
Crawford, P. L., and Chen, H. S. (1988). “Comparison of numerical and physical models of wave response in a harbor.”Miscellaneous Paper CERC-88-11, U.S. Army Engr. Wtrwy. Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss.
12.
Farrar, P. D., and Chen, H. S. (1987). “Wave response of the proposed harbor at Agat, Guam: Numerical model investigation.”Tech. Rep. CERC-87-4, U.S. Army Engr. Wtrwy. Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss.
13.
Goda, Y. (1985). Random seas and design of maritime structures . University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, Japan.
14.
Hales, L. Z. (1980). “Erosion control of scour during construction; Experimental measurements of refraction, diffraction, and current patterns near jetties.”Tech. Rep. HL-80-3, Rep. 3, U.S. Army Engr. Wtrwy. Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss.
15.
Houston, J. R.(1981). “Combined refraction and diffraction of short waves using the finite elements method.”Appl. Oc. Res., 3(4), 163–170.
16.
Ippen, A. T., and Goda, Y. (1963). “Wave induced oscillations in harbors: The solution for a rectangular harbor connected to the open-sea.”Rep. 59, Hydrodynamics Lab., Massachusetts Inst. of Technology, Cambridge, Mass.
17.
Kaihatu, J. M., Lillycrop, L. S., and Thompson, E. F. (1989). “Effects of entrance channel dredging at Morro Bay, California.”Miscellaneous Paper CERC-89-3, U.S. Army Engr. Wtrwy. Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss.
18.
Lillycrop, L. S., and Boc, S. J. (1992). “Numerical modeling of proposed Kawaihae Harbor, HI.”Proc., Coast. Engrg. Prac., ASCE, New York, N.Y., 412–424.
19.
Lillycrop, L. S., Bratos, S. M., Thompson, E. F., and Rivers, P. (1993). “Wave response of proposed improvements to the small boat harbor at Maalaea, Maui, Hawaii.”Miscellaneous Paper CERC-93-4, U.S. Army Engr. Wtrwy. Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss.
20.
Lillycrop, L. S., and Thompson, E. F. (1996). “Harbor wave oscillation model (HARBD) theory and program documentation.” Coastal Modeling System (CMS) User's Manual, Instruction Rep. CERC-91-1, M. A. Cialone, ed., U.S. Army Engr. Wtrwy. Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss.
21.
Madsen, P. A., Murray, R., and Sorensen, O. R.(1991). “A new form of the Boussinesq equations with improved linear dispersion characteristics.”Coast. Engrg., 15(4), 371–388.
22.
Nwogu, O.(1993). “Alternative form of Boussinesq equations for nearshore wave propagation.”J. Wtrwy., Port, Coast. and Oc. Engrg., ASCE, 119(6), 618–638.
23.
Panchang, V. G., Pearce, B. R., Ge, W., and Cushman-Roisin, B.(1991). “Solution to the mild-slope wave problem by iteration.”Appl. Oc. Res., 13(4), 187–199.
24.
Schäffer, H. A., and Madsen, P. A. (1995). “Further enhancements of Boussinesq-type equations.”Coast. Engrg., 26(1–2), 1–14.
25.
Seelig, W. N. (1980). “Two-dimensional tests of wave transmission and reflection characteristics of laboratory breakwaters.”Tech. Rep. TR 80-1, U.S. Army Engr. Wtrwy. Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss.
26.
Seelig, W. N., and Ahrens, J. P. (1981). “Estimation of wave reflection and energy dissipation coefficients for beaches, revetments, and breakwaters.”Tech. Paper TP 81-1, U.S. Army Engr. Wtrwy. Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss.
27.
Shore Protection Manual, 4th Ed., Vols. 1 and 2. (1984). U.S. Army Corps of Engrs. (USACE) Wtrwy. Experiment Station, Washington, D.C.
28.
Skovgaard, O., Behrendt, L., and Jonsson, I. G. (1984). “A finite element model for wind wave diffraction.”Proc., 19th Coast. Engrg. Conf., Vol. 1, ASCE, New York, N.Y., 1090–1102.
29.
Thompson, E. F., and Hadley, L. L. (1994a). “Wave response of Port Allen Harbor, Kauai, Hawaii.”Miscellaneous Paper CERC-94-9, U.S. Army Engr. Wtrwy. Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss.
30.
Thompson, E. F., and Hadley, L. L. (1994b). “Wave response of proposed improvement Plan 6 to the small boat harbor at Maalaea, Maui, Hawaii.”Miscellaneous Paper CERC-94-17, U.S. Army Engr. Wtrwy. Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss.
31.
Thompson, E. F., and Hadley, L. L.(1995). “Numerical modeling of harbor response to waves.”J. Coast. Res., 11(3), 744–753.
32.
Walsh, M. T. (1992). “Diffraction of directional wave spectra around a semi-infinite breakwater.”Miscellaneous Paper CERC-92-5, U.S. Army Engr. Wtrwy. Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss.
33.
Wei, G., and Kirby, J. T.(1995). “A time-dependent numerical code for extended Boussinesq equations.”J. Wtrwy., Port, Coast. and Oc. Engrg., ASCE, New York, N.Y., 121(5), 251–261.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 1996 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Sep 1, 1996
Published in print: Sep 1996
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.