Transport of Fine Sands by Currents and Waves
Publication: Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 119, Issue 2
Abstract
The transport process of fine sands in combined current and wave conditions in a flume was studied. Two types of sediment material were used, a very fine sand with a median diameter of about 100 μm and a medium‐fine sand with a diameter of 200 μm. The current velocities were varied in the range of 0.1– 0.5 m/s (following and opposing the waves). Irregular waves with a single‐topped spectrum and peak period of 2.5 s were generated. The significant wave height varied in the range of 0.075 m to 0.18 m. The water depth was about 0.5 m in all tests. Time‐averaged fluid velocities were measured by an electromagnetic current meter. Time‐averaged sediment concentrations were measured by a pump sampler. The transport rate was obtained by integration of the product of velocity and concentration over the depth. The generation of waves in following or opposing currents causes a decrease of the time‐averaged velocities in the near‐bed region. A larger wave height results in larger concentrations and in a more uniform distribution over the depth. The influence of the current direction on the concentration profile and the transport rate is negligible.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Bijker, E. W. (1971). “Longshore transport computations.” J. Wtrwy., Harb., and Coast., Engrg., 97(4), 687–703.
2.
Bosman, J. J. (1982). “Concentration distributions under waves and currents.” Rep. M1875, Delft Hydraulics, Delft, The Netherlands (in Dutch).
3.
Bosman, J. J., and Steetzel, H. J. (1986). “Time and bed averaged concentrations under waves.” Proc., Coastal Engrg. Conf., Taiwan, 986–1001.
4.
Bosman, J. J., van der Velden, E., and Hulsbergen, C. H. (1987). “Sediment concentration measurements by transverse suction.” Coast. Engrg., 12, 353–371.
5.
Harms, J. C. (1969). “Hydraulic significance of some sand ripples.” Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 80.
6.
Inman, D. L., and Bowen, A. J. (1963). “Flume experiments on sand transport by waves and currents.” Proc., 8th Coastal Engrg. Conf., Lisbon, 137–150.
7.
Jaffe, B. E., Sternberg, R. W., and Sallenger, A. H. (1984). “The role of suspended sediment in shore‐normal beach profile changes.” Proc., Coast. Engrg., Conf., Houston, Tex., 1983–1997.
8.
Jonsson, I. G., Skougaard, C. H., and Wang, J. A. (1970). “Interaction between waves and currents.” Proc., Coast. Engrg. Conf., 489–508.
9.
Kemp, P. H., and Simons, R. R. (1982). “The interaction between waves and a turbulent current: Waves propagating with the current.” J. Fluid Mech., 116, 227–251.
10.
Kemp, P. H., and Simons, R. R. (1983). “The interaction between waves and a turbulent current: Waves propagating against the current.” J. Fluid Mech., 130, 73–91.
11.
Nap, E., and Van Kampen, A. (1988). Sediment concentrations and transport in case of irregular non‐breaking waves with a current, part A and B. Dept. of Coast. Engrg., Tech. Univ. of Delft, Delft, The Netherlands.
12.
Nielsen, P. (1985). “Short manual of coastal bottom boundary layers and sediment transport.” Rep. TM85/1, Public Works Dept., Sydney, Australia.
13.
Osborne, P. D., and Greenwood, B. (1992). “Frequency‐dependent cross‐shore suspended sediment transport, part 1 and 2.” Marine Geol., 106, 1–51.
14.
Quick, M. C. (1983). “Sediment transport by waves and currents.” Can. J. Civ. Engrg., 10(7), 142–149.
15.
Van der Kaaij, T. H., and Nieuwjaar, M. W. C. (1987). Sediment concentrations and transport in case of irregular non‐breaking waves with a current, part A and B. Dept. of Coast. Engrg., Tech. Univ. of Delft, Delft, The Netherlands.
16.
Van Rijn, L. C. (1989). “Handbook of sediment transport in current and waves.” Rep. H461, Delft Hydraulics, Delft, The Netherlands.
17.
Van Rijn, L. C. (1985). “Two‐dimensional vertical mathematical model for suspended sediment transport by currents and waves.” Rep. S488 part IV, Delft Hydraulics, Delft, The Netherlands.
18.
Van Rijn, L. C. (1990). Principles of fluid flow and surface waves in rivers, estuaries, seas and oceans. Aqua Publications, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 119 • Issue 2 • March 1993
Pages: 123 - 143
Copyright
Copyright © 1993 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Oct 17, 1991
Published online: Mar 1, 1993
Published in print: Mar 1993
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.