Model for Estimating Tidal Flushing of Small Embayments
Publication: Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 118, Issue 6
Abstract
A model is developed for tidal flushing of a small, well‐mixed embayment, based on the classic tidal prism flushing formation. Both a flushing expression and a steady‐state concentration expression for a nonconservative tracer are derived. The return flow factor is identified as an important, but previously poorly constrained, input to the flushing model. A model for estimating the return flow factor is derived considering the fate of the plume of effluent water, which exits the embayment mouth on ebb tide, mixes with coastal waters, and partially returns to the embayment on flood tide. The predicted return flow factor depends primarily on the relative phases and speeds of the embayment channel currents and coastal currents and on the amount of mixing that occurs outside the embayment. The return flow factor model is solved for a range of representative cases, and the results are plotted for reference. The complete flushing model is compared to the results of a dye study performed in a marina basin in Indian River Bay, Del., with favorable results.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Bay Colony Marina flushing study. (1990). EA Engineering, Science, and Technology, Inc., Sparks, Md.
2.
Callaway, R. J. (1981). “Flushing study of South Beach Marina, Oregon.” J. Wtrwy. Port. Coast., and Oc., Div., ASCE, 107(2), 47–58.
3.
Carter, H. H. (1969). “A preliminary report on the characteristics of a heated jet discharged horizontally into a transverse current. Part 1: Constant depth.” Tech. Report 61, Ref. 69‐14. Chesapeake Bay Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md.
4.
Coastal Marinas Assessment Handbook. (1985). United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Region IV, Atlanta, Ga.
5.
Csanady, G. T. (1973). Turbulent diffusion in the environment. D. Reidel, Dordrecht, Holland.
6.
Dyer, K. R. (1973). Estuaries: A physical introduction. John Wiley and Sons, New York, N.Y.
7.
Fischer, H. B., List, E. J., Koh, R. C. Y., Imberger, J., and Brooks, N. H. (1979). Mixing in inland and coastal waters. Academic Press, New York. 483 p.
8.
Grant, W. D., and Madsen, O. S. (1979). “Combined wave and current interaction with a rough bottom.” J. Geophys. Res., 84(C4), 1797–1808.
9.
Guidelines for preparation of coastal marina report. (1985). South Carolina Coastal Council (SCCC), Charleston, S.C.
10.
Harleman, D. R. F. (1966). “Pollution in estuaries.” In Estuary and coastline hydronamics, A. T. Ippen, ed. McGraw‐Hill Book Company, Inc., New York. pp. 630–647.
11.
Knauss, J. A. (1978). Introduction to physical oceanography. Prentice‐Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 338 pp.
12.
Nece, R. E., Falconer, R. A., and Tsutsumi, T. (1976). “Planform influence on flushing and circulation in small harbors.” 15th Conf. on Coastal Engrg., ASCE, New York, N.Y.
13.
Okubo, A., and Pritchard, D. W. (1969). “Summary of our present knowledge of the physical processes of mixing in the ocean and coastal waters, and a set of practical guidelines for the application of existing diffusion equations in the preparation of nuclear safety evaluations of the use of nuclear power sources in the sea.” U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Report No. NYO‐3109‐40; Ref. 69‐1. Chesapeake Bay Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md.
14.
Paily, P. P., and Sayre, W. W. (1978). “Model for shore‐attached thermal plumes in rivers.” J. of the Hydrual. Div., ASCE, 104(5), 709–723.
15.
Smith, I. R. (1975). Turbulence in lakes and rivers; Scientific Publication No. 29. Freshwater Biological Association. Oxford, England.
16.
Tidal current tables 1991; Atlantic Coast of North America. (1990). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Riverdale, Md.
17.
van de Kreeke, J. (1983). “Residence time: Application to small boat basins.” J. Waterways, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engin. Div., ASCE, 109(4): 416–428.
18.
Yoon, S. B., and Liu, P. L.‐F. (1990). “Effects of opposing waves on momentum jets.” J. Wtrwy. Port, Coast., and Oc. Engrg., 116(5), 545–558.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 1992 ASCE.
History
Published online: Nov 1, 1992
Published in print: Nov 1992
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.