Forces on Vertical Wall Caused by Incident Bores
Publication: Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 116, Issue 5
Abstract
The forces on a vertical wall due to the impact of a bore generated by a broken solitary wave were measured in the laboratory. The incident bores varied in height from 2.4 cm to 4.9 cm and in celerity from 75 cm/s to 126 cm/s. High‐speed motion pictures of the bore impact process were taken simultaneously with force measurements. The water particle velocities on the surface of the bore were obtained from the motion pictures using small floats. The maximum rise of the water surface on the wall exceeded twice the velocity head, based on the bore celerity for all conditions. The maximum measured force occurred after the maximum run‐up for all conditions of this study. The vertical accelerations in the run‐up jet at the wall explain some of the characteristics of the force record that have not been well understood. The maximum measured forces varied from five to nearly seven times the hydrostatic force, based on the height of the incident bore and the local still‐water depth. For the four largest bores, the theory of Cross (1967) was in reasonable agreement with the maximum measured force.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Camfield, F. E. (1980). “Tsunami engineering.” Special Report SR‐6, Dept. of the Army, Coastal Engineering Research Center, Fort Belvoir, Va.
2.
Cross, R. H. (1966). “Water surge forces on coastal structures.” Tech. Report No. HEL‐9‐10, College of Engineering, Univ. of California, Berkeley, Calif.
3.
Cross, R. H. (1967). “Tsunami surge forces.” J. Wtrwys. and Harb. Div., ASCE, 93(4), 201–231.
4.
Cumberbatch, E. (1960). “The impact of a water wedge on a wall.” J. Fluid Mech., 7(3), 353–373.
5.
Eaton, J. P., Richter, D. H., and Ault, W. U. (1961). “The tsunami of May 23, 1960, on the island of Hawaii.” Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 51(2), 135–157.
6.
Fukui, Y., et al. (1963). “Hydraulic study on tsunami.” Coastal Engrg. Japan, 6, 67–82.
7.
Gibson, F. W. (1970). “Measurement of the effect of air bubbles on the speed of sound in water.” J. Acoustic Soc. Am., 48(5), 1195–1197.
8.
Hoyt, J. W., and Sellin, R. H. J. (1989). “Hydraulic jumps as ‘mixing layer’.” J. Hydr. Engrg. Div., ASCE, 115(12), 1607–1614.
9.
Keller, H. B., Levine, D. A., and Whitham, G. B. (1960). “Motion of a bore over a sloping beach.” J. Fluid Mech., 7(2), 302–316.
10.
Keulegan, C. H. (1950). “Wave motion.” Engineering hydraulics, H. Rouse, ed., John Wiley, New York, N.Y., 711–768.
11.
Matlock, H., Reese, L., and Matlock, R. (1962). “Analysis of structural damage from the 1960 tsunami at Hilo, Hawaii.” Report DASA‐1268, Struct. Mech. Res. Lab., Univ. of Texas, Austin, Tex.
12.
Nakamura, S., and Tsuchiya, Y. (1973). “On shock pressure of surge on a wall.” Bull. Disaster Prevention Res. Inst., Kyoto Univ., 23, Parts 3‐4, No. 12, 47–58.
13.
Shen, M. C., and Meyer, R. E. (1963). “Climb of a bore on a beach. Part 3: Runup.” J. Fluid Mech., 16(1), 113–125.
14.
Whitham, G. B. (1958). “On the propagation of shock waves through regions of non‐uniform area or flow.” J. Fluid Mech., 4(4), 337–360.
15.
Wiegel, R. L. (1970). “Tsunamis.” Earthquake engineering, R. L. Wiegel, ed., Prentice‐Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 253–306.
16.
Wilson, B. W., and Tørum, A. (1972). “Effects of the tsunamis: An engineering study.” The Great Alaska Earthquake of 1964, Pub. 1605, Oceanography and Coastal Engrg., Nat. Academy of Sci., Washington, D.C.
17.
Von Karman, T., and Wattendorf, F. L. (1929). “The impact on seaplane floats during landing.” Tech. Note No. 321, Nat. Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, Washington, D.C., 309–313.
18.
Yeh, H. H., Ghazali, A., and Marton, I. (1989). “Experimental study of bore runup.” J. Fluid Mech., 206, Sep., 563–578.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 116 • Issue 5 • September 1990
Pages: 592 - 613
Copyright
Copyright © 1990 ASCE.
History
Published online: Sep 1, 1990
Published in print: Sep 1990
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.