Reliability-Based Strengthening and Expansion of Water Distribution Networks
Publication: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 133, Issue 6
Abstract
An iterative method based on the trade-off between reliability and cost is proposed for the strengthening and expansion of water distribution networks (WDNs) to obtain a level-one redundant network, i.e., a network that can sustain single pipe failure without affecting the consumer services either in part or in full. Reliability is assessed using the node and volume reliability factors which are evaluated considering the performance of WDNs under different conditions. Reliability of an existing network is improved at every iteration by either adding a parallel pipe of minimum size to one of the existing links, or increasing the size of one of the newly added (strengthened or expanded) pipes to the next higher size by considering the largest ratio of the marginal capacity factor to the marginal increase in cost. The method is initially illustrated with an example of a multisource network having time-varying demands. Then, a network in Washington, D.C. having multiple demand patterns is designed and the results are compared with those obtained by a linear-programming based algorithm.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The writers would like to thank all three anonymous reviewers for their constructive remarks. The first writer wishes to thank the Ministry of Public Health Engineering Department, Government of Chhattisgarh, India, for granting permission to carry out the research work.
References
Awumah, K., Goulter, I., and Bhatt, S. K. (1991). “Entropy-based redundancy measures in water-distribution networks.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 117(5), 595–614.
Bhave, P. R. (1981). “Node flow analysis of water distribution systems.” Transp. Engrg. J., 107(4), 457–467.
Bhave, P. R. (1988). “Extended period simulation of water systems—Direct solution.” J. Environ. Eng., 114(5), 1146–1159.
Bhave, P. R. (1991). Analysis of flow in water distribution networks, Technomic, Lancaster, Pa.
Bhave, P. R. (2003). Optimal design of water distribution networks, Alpha Science International Ltd., Pangbourne, U.K.
Fujiwara, O., and Luong, H. T. (1996). “Reliability-based analysis and design of water supply and distribution network systems. II: Optimal design.” Int. Conf. on Urban Engineering in Asian Cities in the 21st Century, Bangkok, Thailand, F.136–F.142.
Fujiwara, O., and Tung, H. D. (1991). “Reliability improvement for water distribution networks through increasing pipe size.” Water Resour. Res., 27(7), 1395–1402.
Goulter, I. C. (1988). “Measures of inherent redundancy in water distribution network layouts.” J. of Information and Optimization Science, 9(3), 363–390.
Goulter, I. C. (1995). “Analytical and simulation models for reliability analysis in water distribution systems.” Improving efficiency and reliability in water distribution systems, E. Cabrera and A. F. Vela, eds., Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 235–266.
Goulter, I., Thomas, M., Mays, L. W., Sakarya, B., Bouchart, F., and Tung, Y. K. (1999). “Reliability analysis for design.” Water distribution systems handbook, L. W. Mays, ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 18.1–18.52.
Gupta, R., Agrawal, M. L., and Bhave, P. R. (1999). “Reliability-based design of water distribution systems.” Challenges to Architects and Civil Engineers during the Twenty-First Century, South-Asian Countries Conf., Kathmandu, Nepal, 213–223.
Gupta, R., and Bhave, P. R. (1992). “Discussion of ‘Optimal upgrading of hydraulic-network reliability’ by L. Ormsbee and A. Kessler.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage., 118(4), 466–467.
Gupta, R., and Bhave, P. R. (1994). “Reliability analysis of water-distribution systems.” J. Environ. Eng., 120(2), 447–460.
Gupta, R., and Bhave, P. R. (1996a). “Comparison of methods for predicting deficient-network performance.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage., 122(3), 214–217.
Gupta, R., and Bhave, P. R. (1996b). “Reliability-based design of water-distribution systems.” J. Environ. Eng., 122(2), 51–54.
Gupta, R., and Bhave, P. R. (2004). “Redundancy-based strengthening and expansion of water distribution networks.” Proc., 6th Int. Conf. on Hydroinformatics, Vol. I, Singapore, 922–929.
Kalungi, P., and Tanyimboh, T. T. (2003). “Redundancy model for water distribution systems.” Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf., 82(3), 275–286.
Kessler, A., Ormsbee, L. E., and Shamir, U. (1990). “A methodology for least cost design of invulnerable water distribution networks.” Civ. Eng. Syst., 7 (1), 20–28.
Mays, L. W., ed. (1989). Reliability analysis of water distribution systems, ASCE, New York.
Mays, L. W., and Cullinane, M. J. (1986). “A review and evaluation of reliability concept for design of water distribution systems.” Miscellaneous Paper No. EL-86-1, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory, Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss.
Morgan, D. R., and Goulter, I. C. (1985). “Optimal urban water distribution design.” Water Resour. Res., 21(5), 642–652.
Ormsbee, L. (1992). “Closure to ‘Optimal upgrading of hydraulic network reliability.’” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage., 117(4), 467–468.
Ormsbee, L., and Kessler, A. (1990). “Optimal upgrading of hydraulic-network reliability.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage., 116(6), 784–802.
Park, H., and Liebman, J. C. (1993). “Redundancy-constrained minimum-cost design of water-distribution nets.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage., 119(1), 83–98.
Rowell, W. F., and Barnes, J. W. (1982). “Obtaining layout of water distribution systems.” J. Hydr. Div., 108(1), 137–148.
Su, Y.-C., Mays, L. W., Duan, N., and Lansey, K. E. (1987). “Reliability-based optimization model for water distribution systems.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 113(12), 1539–1556.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 133 • Issue 6 • November 2007
Pages: 531 - 541
Copyright
© 2007 ASCE.
History
Received: Aug 25, 2005
Accepted: Sep 27, 2006
Published online: Nov 1, 2007
Published in print: Nov 2007
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.