Contamination Source Determination for Water Networks
Publication: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 131, Issue 2
Abstract
We formulate and solve an estimation problem for identifying both the time and location of contamination sources in municipal water networks using concentration measurements from a sparse sensor grid. Previous work showed that the direct sequential approach was insufficient to solve the time-dependent problem. Instead, a direct simultaneous approach is used, converging the network model and optimization problems simultaneously. An origin tracking algorithm is presented to reformulate the pipe expressions and characterize the time delays associated with network pipes. This algorithm removes the need to discretize along the length of the pipes and is efficient for large networks with many source and output nodes. The solution of the resulting nonlinear program provides the complete time-dependent injection profiles, identifying both the time and location of potential contamination sources. The effectiveness of this formulation is demonstrated on a network model for a real municipal water network.
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Acknowledgments
Continued gratitude goes to Sandia National Laboratories and the National Science Foundation (under ITR Grant ACI-021667) for their financial support. The writers would like to specifically thank many individuals at the Computer Science Research Institute, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, and others in the water network research community for their assistance and insight.
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Published In
Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 131 • Issue 2 • March 2005
Pages: 125 - 134
Copyright
© 2005 ASCE.
History
Received: Dec 30, 2003
Accepted: May 27, 2004
Published online: Mar 1, 2005
Published in print: Mar 2005
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