Optimal Operation of Water Distribution Pumps Considering Water Quality
This article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYPublication: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 126, Issue 4
Abstract
A new methodology has been developed for determining the optimal operation of water distribution system pumps with water quality considerations. The methodology is based upon describing the operation as a discrete time optimal scheduling problem that can be used to determine the optimal operation schedules of the pumps in distribution systems. The solution methodology is based upon a mathematical programming approach resulting in a large-scale nonlinear programming problem that cannot be solved using existing nonlinear codes. The solution of the optimization problem is obtained by interfacing a hydraulic and water quality simulation code, EPANET, with a nonlinear optimization code, GRG2. Bound constraints on the state variables are incorporated into the objective function using the augmented Lagrangian penalty method. Three objective functions were used in the model to minimize (1) the deviations of actual substance concentrations from desired concentration values; (2) the total pump duration times; or (3) the total energy cost. The effectiveness of the methodology was tested using a hypothetical water distribution system. All three objective functions were capable of finding an optimal pumping schedule with water quality considerations.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Bao, Y. X., and Mays, L. W. (1994a). “New methodology for optimization of freshwater inflows to estuaries.”J. Water Resour. Plng. and Mgmt., ASCE, 120(2), 199–217.
2.
Bao, Y. X., and Mays, L. W. (1994b). “Optimization of freshwater inflows to the Lavaca-Tres Palacios, Texas, Estuary.”J. Water Resour. Plng. and Mgmt., ASCE, 120(2), 218–236.
3.
Boccelli, D. L., Tryby, M. E., Uber, J. G., Rossman, L. A., Zierolf, M. L., and Polycarpou, M. M. (1998). “Optimal scheduling of booster disinfection in water distribution systems.”J. Water Resour. Plng. and Mgmt., ASCE, 124(2), 99–111.
4.
Brion, L. M., and Mays, L. W. (1991). “Methodology for optimal operation of pumping stations in water distribution systems.”J. Hydr. Engrg., ASCE, 117(11), 1551–1569.
5.
Chase, D., and Ormsbee, L. (1989). “Optimal pump operation of water distribution systems with multiple storage tanks.” Proc., Am. Water Works Assn. Comput. Spec. Conf., American Water Works Association, Denver, 205–214.
6.
Chase, D., and L. Ormsbee, L. (1991). “An alternate formulation of time as a decision variable to facilitate real-time operation of water supply systems.” Proc., 18th Annu. Conf. of the ASCE Water Resour. Plng. and Mgmt. Div., ASCE, New York, 923–927.
7.
Clark, R. M. ( 1994). “Applying water quality models.” Computer modeling of free-surface and pressurized flows, M. H. Chaudry and L. W. Mays, eds., Kluwer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 581–612.
8.
Clark, R. M., Adams, J. Q., and Miltner, R. M. (1987). “Cost and performance modeling for regulatory decision making.” Water, 28(3), 20–27.
9.
Cohen, G. ( 1982). “Optimal control of water supply networks.” Chapter 8, Optimization and control of dynamic operational research models, S. G. Tzafestas, eds., Vol. 4, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 251–276.
10.
Coulbeck, B., Brdys, M., Orr, C., and Rance, J. (1988a). “A hierarchical approach to optimized control of water distribution systems: Part I. decomposition.” J. Optimal Control Applications and Methods, 9(1), 51–61.
11.
Coulbeck, B., Brdys, M., Orr, C., and Rance, J. (1988b). “A hierarchical approach to optimized control of water distribution systems: Part II. Lower level algorithm.” J. Optimal Control Applications and Methods, 9(2), 109–126.
12.
Fletcher, R. (1975). “An ideal penalty function for constrained optimization.” J. Inst. of Mathematics and its Applications, 15, 319–342.
13.
Goldman, F. E. ( 1998). “The application of simulated annealing for optimal operation of water distribution systems.” PhD dissertation, Arizona State University, Tempe, Ariz.
14.
Lansey, K., and Zhong, Q. (1990). “A methodology for optimal control of pump stations.” Proc., 1990 ASCE Water Resour. Plng. and Mgmt. Spec. Conf., Water Resour. Infrastruct., ASCE, New York, 58–61.
15.
Lansey, K. E., and Awumah, K. (1994). “Optimal pump operations considering pump switches.”J. Water Resour. Plng. and Mgmt., ASCE, 120(1), 17–35.
16.
Lansey, K. E., and Mays, L. W. (1989). “Optimization model for water distribution system design.”J. Hydr. Engrg., ASCE, 115(10), 1401–1418.
17.
Lasdon, L. S., and Waren, A. D. ( 1986). GRG2 user's guide, Dept. of General Business, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Tex.
18.
Little, K., and McCrodden, B. (1989). “Minimization of raw water pumping costs using MILP.”J. Water Resour. Plng. and Mgmt., ASCE, 115(4), 511–522.
19.
Mays, L. W. (1997). Optimal control of hydrosystems, Marcel Dekker, New York.
20.
Nitivattananon, V., Sadowski, E. C., and Quimpo, R. G. (1996). “Optimization of water supply system operation.”J. Water Resour. Plng. and Mgmt., ASCE, 122(5), 374–384.
21.
Ormsbee, L. E., and Lansey, K. E. (1994). “Optimal control of water supply pumping systems.”J. Water Resour. Plng. and Mgmt., ASCE, 120(2), 237–252.
22.
Ostfelt, A., and Shamir, U. (1993a). “Optimal operation of multiquality networks. I: Steady-state conditions.”J. Water Resour. Plng. and Mgmt., ASCE, 119(6), 645–662.
23.
Ostfelt, A., and Shamir, U. (1993b). “Optimal operation of multiquality networks. II: Unsteady conditions.”J. Water Resour. Plng. and Mgmt., ASCE, 119(6), 663–684.
24.
Rossman, L. A. ( 1994). EPANET user's guide, Drinking Water Res. Div., Risk Reduction Engrg. Lab., Ofc. of Res. and Devel., U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati.
25.
Rossman, L. A., and Boulos, P. F. (1996). “Numerical methods for modeling water quality in distribution systems: A comparison.”J. Water Resour. Plng., and Mgmt., ASCE, 122(2), 137–146.
26.
Sakarya, A. B. ( 1998). “Optimal operation of water distribution systems for water quality purposes.” PhD dissertation, Arizona State University, Tempe, Ariz.
27.
Unver, O. L., and Mays, L. W. ( 1990). “Model for real-time optimal flood control operation of a reservoir system.” Water resources management, Vol. 4, Kluwer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 21–46.
28.
Wanakule, N., Mays, L. W., and Lasdon, L. S. (1986). “Optimal management of large-scale aquifers: Methodology and applications.” Water Resour. Res., 22(4), 447–465.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 126 • Issue 4 • July 2000
Pages: 210 - 220
History
Received: Jul 7, 1998
Published online: Jul 1, 2000
Published in print: Jul 2000
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.