Modeling Low Velocity/High Dispersion Flow in Water Distribution Systems
Publication: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 122, Issue 3
Abstract
Under most circumstances, dispersive processes can be neglected in water distribution systems due to high velocities and low dispersion coefficients that ensure that advective transport dominates constituent spreading. However, during periods of low flow, dispersive effects may become important if the velocities are significantly decreased (e.g., during the night). Thus, the question that arises during a 24-h simulation is whether dispersive processes may dominate the transport of chlorine in a water distribution system. Given that advective transport models (e.g., EPANET, PICCOLO, NET, and DWQM) cannot account for dispersive transport, it is likely that these models would underpredict the required concentration of chlorine at locations behind the advective front and overpredict the required concentration at locations in advance of the advective front. Therefore, when is a purely advective transport model an appropriate solution for contaminant transport in a water distribution system? Two constraining equations are presented to aid the user in assessing the applicability of an advective transport model.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Aris, R.(1956). “On the dispersion of a solute in a fluid flowing through a tube.”Proc., Roy. Soc. London Ser. A, London, U.K., 235, 67–77.
2.
Domenico, P. A., and Schwartz, F. W. (1990). Physical and chemical hydrogeology . John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y.
3.
Fischer, H. B., List, E. J., Koh, R. C. Y., Imberger, J., and Brooks, N. H. (1979). Mixing in inland and coastal waters . Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, Calif.
4.
Li, W.-H. (1972). Differential equations of hydraulic transients, dispersion, and groundwater flow . Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
5.
Rossman, L. A. (1993). EPANET Users Manual . Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio.
6.
Rossman, L. A., Boulos, P. F., and Altman, T.(1993). “Discrete volume-element method for network water-quality models.”J. Water Resour. Plng. and Mgmt., ASCE, 119(5), 505–517.
7.
Taylor, G. I.(1953). “Dispersion of soluble matter in solvent flowing slowly through a tube.”Proc. Roy. Soc. London Ser. A, London, U.K., 219, 186–203.
8.
Taylor, G. I.(1954). “The dispersion of matter in turbulent flow through a pipe.”Proc. Roy. Soc. London Ser. A, London, U.K., 223, 446–468.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 1996 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: May 1, 1996
Published in print: May 1996
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.