Proposed Model For Evaluating Urban Hydrologic Change
Publication: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 116, Issue 6
Abstract
Evaluation of the effects of land‐use change in a natural catchment and what can be done to mitigate these effects requires accurate quantitative representation of the mechanisms by which precipitation contributes to run off in the natural and changed states. It is necessary to predict the locations of flow production zones, how these zones change with time, and where flow from each zone enters the channel system. A model is presented that simulates flux rates and spatial distributions of evapotranspiration, Horton and saturated overland flow, subsurface storm flow, and dry‐weather base flow. The model is operated continuously in time and has parameters that are readily measured or estimated, allowing land use changes (forest cover removal, regrading, litter zone removal) to be explicitly represented. The model is applied to a 39‐ha (97‐acre) ungauged catchment in King County, Washington, and an approximate calibration is achieved by comparing the location of simulated runoff production zones against field‐mapped locations. The model is used to explore the relative temporal and spatial effects of land use change on storm hydrographs, flow duration, and long‐term mass balance. The utility of a model structure that permits comparison of directly observable field states with comparable model predicted states is demonstrated.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
ARC/INFO users guide. (1988). Envir. Systems Res. Inst., Redlands, Calif.
2.
Balci, A. N. (1964). “Physical, chemical, and hydrological properties of certain Western Washington forest floor types,” thesis presented to the University of Washington, at Seattle, Wash., in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
3.
Beven, K. J. (1981). “Kinematic subsurface stormflow.” Water Resour. Res., 17(5), 1419–1429.
4.
Beven, K. (1989). “Changing ideas in hydrology‐The case of physically based models.” J. Hydrol., 105, 157–172.
5.
Booth, D. B. (1984). “Surficial geology of the west half of the Skykomish River Quadrangle Snohomish and King Counties, WA.” Open File Report 84‐213, U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C.
6.
Brooks, R. H., and Corey, A. T. (1964). “Hydraulic properties of porous media.” Hydrology Paper 3, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, Colo.
7.
Burges, S. J., et al. (1989). “Hydrologic information and analyses required for mitigating hydrologic effects of urbanization.” Water Resour. Series Technical Report No. 117, Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Univ. of Washington, Seattle, Wash.
8.
Dunne, T., Moore, T. R., and Taylor, C. H. (1975). “Recognition and prediction of runoff‐producing zones in humid regions,” Hydrol. Sci., 20(3), 305–325.
9.
Dunne, T., and Leopold, L. B. (1978). Water in environmental planning. W. H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco, Calif.
10.
Gan, T. Y. (1988). “Applications of scientific modeling of hydrologic responses from hypothetical small catchments to assess a complex conceptual rainfall‐runofff model.” Water Resour. Series, Technical Report No. 111, Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Univ. of Washington, Seattle, Wash.
11.
Hardt, R. A., and Burges, S. J. (1976). “Some consequences of area wide runoff control strategies in urban watersheds.” Technical Report No. 48, Charles W. Harris Hydr. Lab., Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Univ. of Washington, Seattle, Wash.
12.
Horton, R. E. (1940). “An approach toward a physical interpretation of infiltration capacity.” Proc., Soil Sci. Society of America, 4, 399–417.
13.
Kemp, G. J., and Burges, S. J. (1978). “Hydrologic modeling and data requirements for analysis of urban streamflow management alternatives.” Technical Report No. 57, Charles W. Harris Hydr. Lab., Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Univ. of Washington, Seattle, Wash.
14.
Milly, P. C. D. (1986). “An event‐based simulation model of moisture and energy fluxes at a bare soil surface.” Water Resour. Res., 22(12), 1680–1692.
15.
Philip, J. R. (1957). “The theory of infiltration: 1. The infilfration equation and its solution.” Soil Sci., 83(5), 345–357.
16.
Philip, J. R. (1969). “Theory of infiltration.” Advances in hydroscience, V. T. Chow, ed., Academic Press, New York, N.Y., 215–296.
17.
Rawls, W. J., Brakensiek, D. L., and Saxton, K. E. (1981). “Soil water characteristics.” Paper No. 81‐2510, Am. Soc. Agric. Engrg., St. Joseph, Mich.
18.
Sloan, P. G., et al. (1983). “Modeling surface and subsurface stormflow on steeply sloping forested watersheds.” Report 142, Univ. of Kentucky, Water Resour. Res. Inst., Lexington, Ky.
19.
Sloan, P. G., and Moore, I. D. (1984). “Modeling subsurface stormflow on steeply sloping forested watersheds.” Water Resour. Res., 20(12), 1815–1822.
20.
Snyder, D. E., Gale, P. S., and Pringle, R. F. (1973). Soil survey of King County area, Washington, U.S. Dept. of Agric., Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D.C.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 116 • Issue 6 • November 1990
Pages: 742 - 763
Copyright
Copyright © 1990 ASCE.
History
Published online: Nov 1, 1990
Published in print: Nov 1990
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.