Issues in Rule Base Development
Publication: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 114, Issue 4
Abstract
An expert system is an efficient human‐computer system designed to automatically produce decisions that normally require the application of both factual and heuristic information by a human expert. Expert systems do not add inherent validity to the decision‐making process. They currently provide, however, the avoidance of errors in solution procedures arising from inexperience, fatigue, overconfidence, and other human factors. Information in expert systems is normally represented by production rules. In the development of an expert system two primary concerns are the development of the set of rules and the logic by which the information is processed to obtain a decision. Several approaches to the elicitation of rules, the logical structuring of rules and uncertainty, and calibration of expert systems are reviewed. Decisions resulting from the application of expert systems are very dependent on the logic structure of the system used. Little evidence exists to guide expert system developers in the selection of these approaches.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Barnard, J. L. (1978). “Solving sludge bulking problems.” Water Pollut. Control, Maidstone, U.K., 77(1), 103.
2.
Buchanan, B. G., and Shortliffe, E. H. (1975). “A model of inexact reasoning.” Math. Biosci., 23(3), 351–379.
3.
Cuena, J. (1983). “The use of simulation models and human advice to build an expert system for the defense and control of river floods.” Proc., 8th Int. Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI‐83, 246–249.
4.
Duda, R. O., et al. (1979). “Development of a computer based consultant for mineral exploration.” Annual Report, SRI International Projects 5821 and 6415. SRI International, Menlo Park, Calif.
5.
Geselbracht, J. J., Brill, Jr., E. D., and Pfeffer, J. T. (1988). “A rule‐based model of design judgment about sludge bulking.” J. Envir. Engrg., ASCE, 114(1), 54–73.
6.
Grover, M. D. (1983). “A pragmatic knowledge acquisition methodology.” Proc. 8th Int. Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI‐83, 436–439.
7.
Hillier, F. S., and Lieberman, G. J. (1980). Introduction to operations research. 3rd Ed., Holden‐Day, San Francisco, Calif.
8.
Johnston, D. M., and Hopkins, L. D. (1987). “Expert systems in planning analysis: the logic of uncertainty.” Town Planning Rev., 58(3), 342–346.
9.
Kangari, R., and Rouhani, S. (1986). “Expert systems in reservoir management and planning.” Proc. ASCE Water Forum 86, 187–194.
10.
Kuipers, B., and Kassiner, J. P. (1983). “How to discover a knowledge representation for causal reasoning by studying an expert physician.” Proc., 8th Int. Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI‐83, 49–56.
11.
McNichols, C. W. (1986). TIGER: a tool for inexpensive goal‐oriented expertise representation (user's manual). Clemson University, Clemson, S.C.
12.
Palm, J. C., Jenkins, D., and Parker, D. S. (1980). “Relationship between organic loading, dissolved oxygen characteristics, and sludge settling in the completely mixed activated sludge process.” J. Water Pollut. Control Fed., 52(10), 2484–2506.
13.
Soula, G., and Sanchez, E. (1982). “Soft deduction rules in medical diagnostic processes.” Approximate reasoning in decision analysis, M. M. Gupta and E. Sanchez, eds., North Holland Publishing, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 77–88.
14.
VanNiekerk, A. M., Jenkins, D., and Richard, M. G. (1978). “The competitive growth of Z. Ramigera and Type 021N in activated sludge and pure culture—a model for low F:M bulking.” J. Water Pollut. Control Fed., 59(5), 262–273.
15.
Wu, Y. C., et al. (1984). “Control of activated sludge bulking.” J. Envir. Engrg., ASCE, 110(2), 472–491.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 114 • Issue 4 • July 1988
Pages: 457 - 468
Copyright
Copyright © 1988 ASCE.
History
Published online: Jul 1, 1988
Published in print: Jul 1988
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.