Drainage Evaluation at the U.S. 50 Joint Sealant Experiment
Publication: Journal of Transportation Engineering
Volume 133, Issue 8
Abstract
This paper presents an investigation of the subsurface drainage features of the test pavement at the U.S. 50 joint sealant experiment near Athens, Ohio. The concrete pavement incorporates a thick open-graded base, whose drainage capabilities are assessed using the software DRIP 2.0, distributed by the Federal Highway Administration. It is found that the specified base thickness and permeability combination do not meet federal guidelines, evidently because no design calculations had been performed prior to construction. A field inspection of the test pavement drainage features revealed that these had received very scant to no maintenance. Drainage outlets were unmarked, overgrown by vegetation, difficult to find or sometimes missing, often clogged, and occasionally damaged. A literature review indicated that such problems are endemic in many states and point to an under appreciation of proper drainage in concrete pavements.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Baldwin, J. S. (1987). “Use of open-graded, free-draining layers in pavement systems: A national synthesis report.” Transportation Research Record. 1121, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 86–89.
Baldwin, J. S., and Long, D. C. (1987). “Design, construction, and evaluation of West Virginia’s first free-draining pavement system.” Transportation Research Record. 1159, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1–6.
Barber, E. S., and Sawyer, C. L. (1952). “Highway subdrainage.” Proc., 31st Annual Meeting, Highway Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C.
Bejarano, M. O., et al. (2003). “Performance of drained and undrained flexible pavement structures in accelerated loading under wet conditions: Summary report—goal 5 partnered pavement performance program.” Rep. Prepared for California Department of Transportation by Pavement Research Center Institute of Transportation Studies, Univ. of California at Berkeley, Calif.
Bowyer, M. (1991). “Virginia’s pavement drainage systems.” Proc., Western States Pavement Subdrainage Conf., Denver.
Burk, R. K. (1991). “Pennsylvania experience subsurface drainage.” Proc., Western States Pavement Subdrainage Conf., Denver.
Cedergren, H. R. (1974). Drainage of highway and airfield pavements. Wiley, New York.
Cedergren, H. R. (1988). “Why all important pavements should bewell drained.” Transportation Research Record. 1188, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 56–62.
Cedergren, H. R., Arman, J. A., and O’Brien, K. H. (1973). “Development of guidelines for the design of subsurface drainage systems for highway pavement structural sections.” Rep. No. RD-73-14, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C.
Christopher, B. R., and McGuffey, V. C. (1997). “Pavement subsurface drainage systems.” Synthesis of Highway Practice 239, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C.
Crovetti, J. A. (2006). “Cost-effective concrete pavement cross sections.” Rep. No. WI/SPR-03-05, Marquette Univ., Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, for Wisconsin DOT, Madison, Wis.
Crovetti, J. A., and Dempsey, B. J. (1993). “Hydraulic requirements of permeable bases.” Transportation Research Record. 1425, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C.
FHwA. (1992). “Drainable pavement systems: Participant’s notebook.” Demonstration Project 87. Rep. No. FHWA-SA-92-008. FHWA, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C.
Forsyth, R. A. (1991). “Overview on the use of permeable bases.” Proc., Western States Pavement Subdrainage Conf., Federal Highway Administration Board, Denver.
Forsyth, R. A., Wells, G. K., and Woodstrom, J. H. (1987). “Economic impact of pavement subsurface drainage.” Transportation Research Record. 1121, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 77–85.
Hagen, M. G., and Cochran, G. R. (1996). “Comparison of pavement drainage systems.” Transportation Research Record. 1519, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1–10.
Hajek, J. J., Kazmierowski, T. J., Sturm, T., and Bathurst, R. J. (1992). “Field performance of open-graded drainage layers.” Transportation Research Record. 1354, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 55–64.
Hall, K. T., and Correa, C. E. (2003). “Effects of subsurface drainage on performance of asphalt and concrete pavements.” NCHRP Report 499, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C.
Hall, M. (1994). “Cement-stabilized open-graded base strength testing and field performance versus cement content.” Transportation Research Record. 1440, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 22–31.
Hansen, W., and Van Dam, T. J. (1998). “Investigation of transverse cracking on Michigan PCC pavements over open-graded drainage course.” Michigan Dept. of Transportation, Lansing, Mich.
Hassan, H. F., White, T. D., McDaniel, R., and Andrewski, D. (1996). “Indiana subdrainage experience and application.” Transportation Research Record. 1519, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 41–50.
Hawkins, B. K., Ioannides, A. M., and Minkarah, I. A. (2001). “To seal or not to seal: Construction of a field experiment to resolve an age-old dilemma.” Transportation Research Record. 1749, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 38–45.
Heckel, L. (1997). “Open-graded drainage layers: Performance problems under continuously reinforced concrete pavements in Illinois.” Proc., 6th Int. Purdue Conf. on Concrete Pavement Design and Materials for High Performance, Vol. 3, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, Ind., 97–111.
Highlands, K. L., and Hoffman, G. L. (1988). “Subbase permeability and pavement performance.” Transportation Research Record. 1159, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 7–20.
Ioannides, A. M., Long, A. R., and Minkarah, I. A. (2004). “Joint sealant and structural performance at the Ohio Route 50 test pavement.” Transportation Research Record. 1866, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 28–35.
Ioannides, A. M., Sander, J. A., and Minkarah, I. A. (2001). “The Ohio HPCP joint sealant experiment.” Proc., 7th Int. Conf. on Concrete Pavement Design and Rehabilitation, Int. Society for Concrete Pavements, Vol. 2, Orlando, Fla., 1045–1059.
Izzard, C. F. (1944). “A rational approach to drainage of a pervious subbase.” Proc., 24th Annual Meeting, Highway Research Board (unassembled), National Research Council, Washington, D.C.
Jiang, Y. J., and Darter, M. I. (2001). “Structural factors of jointed plain concrete pavements: SPS-2—Initial evaluation and analysis.” Rep. No. FHWA-RD-01-167, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C.
Lovering, W. R. (1960). “How should asphalt pavement sections be designed for effective drainage.” Proc., 3rd Annual Highway Conf., College of the Pacific, Stockton, Calif.
Lovering, W. R., and Cedergren, H. R. (1962). “Structural section drainage.” Proc., 1st Int. Conf. on the Structural Design of Asphalt Pavements, Ann Arbor, Mich., 773–784.
Mallela, J., White, P. A., Titus-Glover, L., and Smith, K. L. (2001). “Quality assurance procedure to assess maintenance adequacy of drainage assets.” Transportation Research Record. 1772, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 158–167.
Mathis, D. M. (1989). “Permeable base design and construction.” Proc., 4th Int. Purdue Conf. on Concrete Pavement Design and Materials for High Performance, Vol. 3, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, Ind., 663–670.
Maupin, G. W. (2004). “Final report: Design and construction of a new asphalt drainage layer.” Virginia Transportation Research Council, Charlottesville, Va.
McAdam, J. L. (1820). “Rep. to the London Board of Agriculture.” London.
Mottola, V. (1991). “New Jersey’s internally drainable pavements.” Proc., Western States Pavement Subdrainage Conf., Federal Highway Administration, Denver.
Moulton, L. K. (1980). “Highway subdrainage design.” Rep. No. FHWA-TS-80-224, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Washington, D.C.
Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT). (1995). “Project 180/97 plans and construction drawings (U.S. Route 50, Athens, Ohio).” Ohio Dept. of Transportation, Columbus, Ohio.
Older, C. (1924). “Highway research in Illinois.” Transactions, Vol. 87, New York, 1180–1222.
Peshkin, D. G., Smith, K. D., Darter, M. I., and Arnold, C. J. (1989). “Performance evaluation of experimental pavement designs at Clare, Mich.” Transportation Research Record. 1227, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 24–33.
Ridgeway, H. H. (1982). “Pavement subsurface drainage systems.” Synthesis of Highway Practice 96, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C.
Rutkowski (1991). “Wisconsin drainable base course research.” Proc., Western States Pavement Subdrainage Conf., Federal Highway Administration, Denver.
Rutkowski, T. S., Shober, S. F., Schmeidlin, R. B. (1998). “Performance evaluation of drained pavement structures.” Rep. No. WI/SPR-04-98, Wisconsin DOT for FHWA, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C.
Sargand, S. M., and Edwards, W. F. (2000). “Effectiveness of base type on the performance of PCC pavement on ERI/LOR 2: Interim report.” Rep. No. FHWA/OH-2000/005, Ohio Dept. of Transportation, Columbus, Ohio.
Sharpe, G. W. (1991). “Pavement drainage in Kentucky.” Proc., Western States Pavement Subdrainage Conf., Denver.
Shober, S. F. (1997). “The great unsealing: A perspective on Portland cement concrete joint sealing.” Transportation Research Record. 1597, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 22–30.
Smith, K. D., et al. (1998). “Performance of concrete pavements, Vol. II: Evaluation of in-service pavements.” Rep. FHWA-RD-95-110, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C.
Suthahar, M., Ardani, A., and Morian, D. A. (2000). “Early evaluationof long-term pavement performance specific pavement studies-2, Colorado.” Transportation Research Record. 1699, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 160–171.
Wyatt, T. R., Barker, W., and Hall, J. (1998). “Drainage requirements in pavements user manual.” Rep. FHWA-SA-96-070. Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C.
Yu, H. T., Khazanovich, K., Rao, S. P., Darter, M. I., and von Quintus, H. (1998). “Guidelines for subsurface drainage based on performance.” Final Report, NCHRP Project 1-34, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Transportation Engineering
Volume 133 • Issue 8 • August 2007
Pages: 480 - 489
Copyright
© 2007 ASCE.
History
Received: Mar 31, 2006
Accepted: Aug 30, 2006
Published online: Aug 1, 2007
Published in print: Aug 2007
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.