Effects of Supersingle Tire Loadings on Pavements
Publication: Journal of Transportation Engineering
Volume 131, Issue 10
Abstract
Due to their efficiency and economy, supersingle tires have gradually been replacing conventional dual tires in the trucking industry. According to recent studies, supersingle tires generate much higher vertical contact stresses than do conventional dual tires, resulting in larger deformations and more severe damage to the subgrade. In order to better assess the larger stresses generated by supersingle tires and their effect on the subgrade, analyses are done taking into account soil plasticity. In this paper, the effects of supersingle tires on subgrades for typical road cross sections are investigated using plane-strain two-dimensional and three-dimensional static and dynamic finite element analyses. The analyses focus on the sand and clay subgrades rather than on asphalt and base layers. The subgrades are modeled as saturated in order to investigate the effects of porewater pressures under the most severe conditions. The analyses suggest that current flexible pavement design methods are unconservative for the increased loads imposed by supersingle tires on the pavement system.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
Discussions with Panagiotis Kavouklis, Kumar Dave, Nayyar Zia, Samy Noureldin, and Tony DeSimone were helpful in defining research needs and are appreciated. The research presented in this paper was funded by INDOT and the Federal Highway Administration through the Joint Transportation Research Program. This support is greatly appreciated.
References
ABAQUS Theory Manual (1997). Hibbitt, Karlsson & Sorensen, Inc.
Akram, T., Scullion, T., Smith, R. E., and Fernando, E. G. (1992). “Estimating damage effects of dual versus wide base tires with multidepth deflectometers.” Transportation Research Record, 1355, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 59–66.
American Association of State High Officials (AASHO). (1962), “The AASHO road test.” Rep. No. 7, Washington, D.C.
Atkinson, J. H., and Bransby, P. L. (1978). The mechanics of soils: An introduction to critical soil mechanics, McGraw-Hill New York.
Bell, C. A., Randhaw, S., and Xu, Z. K. (1996). “Impact of high-pressures and single-tired axles in Oregon.” Transportation Research Record, 1540, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 132–141.
Bonaquist, R. (1992), “An assessment of the increased damage potential of wide base single tires.” Proc., 7th Int. Conf. on Asphalt Pavements, Vol. 3, 1–16.
Burmister, D. M. (1943). “The theory of stresses and displacements in layered systems and applications to the design of airport runways.” Proc., Highway Research Board, Vol. 23, 126–144.
Chen, W. F., and Saleeb, A. F. (1994). Constitutive equations for engineering materials, Vol. 2, Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Cook, R. D., Malkus, D. S., and Plesha, M. E. (1989). Concepts and applications of finite element analysis, 3rd Ed., Wiley, New York.
De Beer, M., Fisher, C., and Jooste, F. J. (1997). “Determination of pneumatic tire/pavement interface contact stresses under moving loads and some effects on pavements with thin asphalt surfacing layers.” Proc., 8th Int.Conf. on Asphalt Pavements, Univ. of Washington, Seattle, 179–227.
Desai, C. S., and Siriwardane, H. J. (1984). Constitutive laws for engineering materials with emphasis on geological materials, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Diyaljee, V. A., and Raymond, G. P. (1983). “Repetitive load deformation of cohesionless soil.” J. Geotech. Eng. Div., Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 108(10), 1215–1229.
Ford, T. L., and Yap, P. (1990). “Truck tire/pavement interface.” Proc., The Promise of New Technology in the Automotive Industry: 23rd FISITA Congress, Torino, Italy, 333–340.
Gillespie, T. D., Karamihas, S. M., Sayers, M. W., Nasim, M. A., Hansen, W., and Ehsan, N. (1993). “Effect of heavy vehicle characteristics on pavement response and performance.” NCHRP Rep. No. 353, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C.
Goez, W. H., Mclaughlin, J. H., and Wood, L. E. (1957). “The strength of a thin layer of bituminous concrete.” Proc., Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists, Vol. 26, 237–296.
Hallin, J. P., Sharma, J., and Mahoney, J. P. (1983). “Development of rigid and flexible pavement load equivalency factors for various widths of single tires.” Transportation Research Record, 949, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 4–13.
Hardin, B. O., and Black, W. L. (1968). “Vibration modulus of normally consolidated clay.” J. Soil Mech. Found. Div., 94(SM2), 353–369.
Huang, Y. H. (1993). Pavement analysis and design, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
Huhtala, M., Philajamaki, J., and Pienimaki, M. (1989). “Effects of tires and tire pressures on road pavements.” Transportation Research Record, 1227, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 107–114.
Jooste, F. J., and Fernando, E. G. (1995). “Development of a procedure for the structural evaluation of superheavy load routes.” Research Rep. No. 1335-F, Texas Transportation Institute, College Station, Tex.
Kilareski, W. (1992). “Heavy vehicle evaluation for overload permits.” Transportation Research Record, XXX, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 194–204.
Ladd, C. C., Foote, R., Ishihara, K., Schlosser, F., and Poulos, H. G. (1977). “Stress deformation and strength characteristics.” Proc., 9th Int. Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Tokyo, Vol. 2, 421–494.
Lee, W., Bohra, N. C., and Altschaeffl, A. G. (1995). “Resilient characteristics of dune sand.” J. Transp. Eng., 121(6), 502–506.
Marshek, K. M., Chen, H. H., Conell, R. B., and Hudson, R. W. (1986). “Experimental determination of pressure distribution of truck tire-pavement contact.” Transportation Research Record, 1070, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 9–13.
Mayne, P. W., and Kulhawy, F. H. (1982). “ -OCR relationships in soil.” J. Geotech. Eng. Div., Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 108(6), 851–872.
Michelin, Inc. (1997). Michelin Truck Tire Characteristics May 1997.
Mohammad, L. N., Puppala, A. J., and Alavili, P. (1995). “Resilient properties of laboratory compacted subgrade soils.” Transportation Research Record, XXX, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 87–102.
Myers, L. A., Roque, R., Ruth, B. E., and Drakos, C. (1999). “Measurement of contact stresses for different truck tire types to evaluate their influence on near-surface cracking and rutting.” Transportation Research Record, 1655, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 175–184.
Perdomo, D., and Nokes, B. (1993). “Theoretical analysis of the effects of supersingle tires on flexible pavements using circly.” Transportation Research Record, 1388, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 108–119.
Salgado, R. (1995). “Analysis of penetration resistance in sand.” PhD thesis, Univ. of California, Berkeley, Calif.
Salgado, R., Bandini, P., and Karim, A. (1999). “Shear strength and stiffness of silty sand.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 126(5), 451–462.
Siddharthan, R. V., and Sebaaly, P. (1999). “Investigation of asphalt concrete layer strains from wide-base tires.” Transportation Research Record, 1655, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 168–174.
Siddharthan, R. V., Yao, J., and Sebaaly, P. (1998). “Pavement strain from moving dynamic 3D load distribution.” J. Transp. Eng., 124(6), 557–566.
Tielking, J. T. (1994). “Force transmissibility of heavy truck tires.” Tire Sci. Technol., 22(1), 60–74.
Weissman, S. L. (1999). “Influence of tire-pavement contact stress distribution on development of distress mechanisms in pavements.” Transportation Research Record, 1655, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 161–167.
Wroth, C. P. (1984). “Interpretation of in-situ soil tests.” Geotechnique, 34(4), 449–489.
Yap, P. (1988). “A comparative study of the effect of truck tire types on road contact pressures.” Paper 881846, Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc., 53–59.
Zaghloul, S., and White, T. D. (1994). “Guidelines for permitting overloads-Part 1: Effect of overloaded vehicles on the Indiana Highway Network.” FHWA/IN/JHRP-93-5, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, Ind.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Transportation Engineering
Volume 131 • Issue 10 • October 2005
Pages: 732 - 743
Copyright
© 2005 ASCE.
History
Received: Feb 2, 2004
Accepted: Jan 21, 2005
Published online: Oct 1, 2005
Published in print: Oct 2005
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.