Predicting Vertical Dynamic Loads Caused by Vehicle-Pavement Interaction
Publication: Journal of Transportation Engineering
Volume 124, Issue 5
Abstract
Dynamic loads caused by vehicle-pavement interaction are either moving loads or random loads. Motion property of dynamic loads was described by means of Dirac-delta and Heaviside functions, and its randomness property was studied using a quarter-truck vehicle model. A series of statistical characteristics of wheel loads in frequency domain and time domain are presented in this paper. It was found that dynamic loads are a constant mean Gaussian stationary ergodic process whose power spectral density is in proportion to the power spectral density of pavement roughness, whereas the ratio coefficient relates to dynamic properties of vehicle and velocities of travel. Numerical simulation based on the specifications of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) indicated that only at low speed could dynamic loads be treated as quasi-narrow band-width random processes, which covers the frequency range of 1.0–4.0 Hz. At high speed, main frequency distributions of dynamic loads occur in 1.0–4.0 and 10.0–15.0 Hz. Further analysis also showed that according to the International Organization for Standardization specifications, the root mean square of dynamic loads is proportional to the square root of an important index related to pavement levels.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Cebon, D. (1989). “Vehicle-generated road damage: A review.”Vehicle Sys. Dyn., 18(1–3), 107–150.
2.
Cebon, D. (1993). “Interaction between heavy vehicles and roads.”SAE Tech. Paper No. 93001, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, Pa.
3.
Deng, X. J., and Sun, L. (1996). “Dynamic vertical loads generated by vehicle-pavement interactions.”Proc., Symp. on Adv. Transp. Sys., Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
4.
Dodds, C. J., and Robson, J. D.(1973). “The description of road surface roughness.”J. Sound and Vibration, 31, 175–183.
5.
Fryba, L. (1972). Vibration of solids and structures under moving loads. Noordhoff International Publishing, Groningen, The Netherlands.
6.
Gakenheimer, D. C., and Miklowitz, J.(1969). “Transient excitation of an elastic half space by a point load traveling on the surface.”J. Appl. Mech. Trans., ASME, 37, 505–522.
7.
Gallagher, J., and Volterra, E.(1952). “A mathematical analysis of the relaxation type of vehicle suspension.”J. Appl. Mech., Trans., ASME, 74, 389–396.
8.
Gillespie, T. D. (1985). Heavy truck ride: SP-607. Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, Pa.
9.
Gillespie, T. D., et al. (1993). “Effects of heavy vehicle characteristics on pavement response and performance.”NCHRP Rep. 353, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C.
10.
Hardy, M. S. A., and Cebon, D.(1993). “Response of continuous pavement to moving dynamic loads.”J. Engrg. Mech., ASCE, 119(9), 1762–1780.
11.
Hardy, M. S. A., and Cebon, D.(1994). “Importance of speed and frequency in flexible pavement response.”J. Engrg. Mech., ASCE, 120(3), 463–482.
12.
Harrison, R. F., and Hammond, J. K.(1986). “Evolutionary (frequency/time) spectral analysis: The response of vehicles moving on rough ground by using `covariance equivalent' modeling.”J. Sound and Vibration, 107(1), 29–38.
13.
Hass, R., Hudson, W. R., and Zanicmski, J. (1994). Modern pavement management. Kriega Publishing Co., Malabar, Fla.
14.
Heath, A. N., and Good, M. G.(1985). “Heavy vehicle design parameters and dynamic pavement loading.” Australian Road Research, 15(4), 209–217.
15.
Heath, A. N.(1987). “Application of the isotropic road roughness assumption.”J. Sound and Vibration, 115(1), 131–144.
16.
Hellenbroich, T., Kennedy, C., and Schmidt, G. D. (1992). “High-speed roughness measurement system using laser for roughness analysis and pavement management of runway purpose.”Airport Forum, 1, Feb., 50–52.
17.
Hino, J., Yoshimura, T., and Ananthanarayna, N.(1985). “Vibration analysis of non-linear beams subjected to a moving load using the finite element method.”J. Sound and Vibration, 100(4), 477–491.
18.
Honda, H., Kajikawa, Y., and Kobori, T.(1982). “Spectra of surface roughness on bridges.”J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 108(9), 1956–1966.
19.
Houedec, D.(1980). “Response of a roadway lying on an elastic foundation to random traffic loads.”J. Appl. Mech. Trans., ASME, 47, 145–149.
20.
Hrovat, D.(1988). “Influence of unsprung weight on vehicle ride quality.”J. Sound and Vibration, 124(3), 497–516.
21.
International Organization for Standardization (IS0). (1972). “BSI proposals for generalized road inputs to vehicles.”ISO/TC, 108/WG9, Document 5, ISO, Zurich, Switzerland.
22.
International Organization for Standardization (IS0). (1984). “Road surface profile: Reporting measured data.”Draft Proposal ISO/DP 8608, Mechanical Vibration, ISO, Zurich, Switzerland.
23.
Iyengar, R. N., and Jaiswal, O. R.(1995). “Random field modeling of railway track irregularities.”J. Transp. Engrg., ASCE, 121(4), 303–308.
24.
Kenney, J. T.(1954). “Steady-state vibrations of beam on elastic foundation for moving load.”J. Appl. Mech., Trans., ASME, 21(4), 359–364.
25.
Marcondes, J. A., Burgess, G. J., Harichandran, R., and Snyder, M. B.(1991). “Spectral analysis of highway pavement roughness.”J. Transp. Engrg., ASCE, 117(5), 540–549.
26.
Marcondes, J. A., Snyder, M. B., and Singh, S. P.(1992). “Predicting vertical acceleration in vehicles through road roughness.”J. Transp. Engrg., ASCE, 118(1), 33–49.
27.
Newland, D. E. (1984). An introduction to random vibration and spectral analysis, 2nd Ed., Longman, New York, N.Y., 104–129.
28.
Nielsen, J. C. O., and Igeland, A.(1995). “Vertical dynamic interaction between train and track: Influence of wheel and track imperfections.”Int. J. Solids and Struct., 32(5), 825–839.
29.
Palamas, J., Coussy, O., and Bamberger, Y.(1985). “Effects of surface irregularities upon the dynamic response of bridges under suspended moving loads.”J. Sound and Vibration, 99(2), 235–245.
30.
Powell, A.(1958). “On the fatigue failure of structures due to vibrations excited by random pressure fields.”J. Acoustic Soc. Am., 30(12), 1130–1135.
31.
Sayers, M. W., Gillespie, T. D., and Queiroz, C. A. V. (1986). “The international road roughness experiment: Establishing correlation and calibration standard for measurements.”World Bank Tech. Paper No. 45, World Bank, Washington, D.C.
32.
Sayles, R. S., and Thomas, T. R.(1978). “Surface topography as a non-stationary random process.”Nature (London), 271, 431–434.
33.
Steele, C. R.(1967). “The finite beam with a moving load.”J. Appl. Mech., ASME, 34(1), 111–119.
34.
Sun, L., and Deng, X. (1996). “Dynamic loads caused by vehicle vibration.”J. Southeast Univ., 265(5), 39–44 (in Chinese).
35.
Sun, L., and Deng, X. (1997a). “Transient response for infinite plate on Winkler foundation by a moving distributed load.”Chinese J. Appl. Mech., 14(2), 72–78 (in Chinese).
36.
Sun, L., and Deng, X. (1997b). “Steady response of infinite plate on viscoelastic Kelvin foundation to moving loads.”Chinese J. Geotech. Engrg., 19(2), 14–22 (in Chinese).
37.
Sun, L., and Deng, X. (1997c). “Random response of beam under a moving random load in the line source form.”Acta Mechanica Sinica, 29(3), 365–368 (in Chinese).
38.
Todd, K. B., and Kulakowski, B. T. (1991). “Simple computer models for predicting ride quality and pavement loading for heavy trucks.”Transp. Res. Record No. 1215, 137–150.
39.
Woodrooffe, R., and LeBlanc, P. A. (1986). “The influence of suspension variations on dynamic wheel loads of heavy vehicles.”SAE Tech. Paper No. 861973, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, Pa.
40.
Yadav, D., and Upadhyay, H. C.(1992). “Dynamics of vehicles in variable velocity runs over non-homogeneous flexible track and foundation with two point input models.”J. Sound and Vibration, 156(2), 247–268.
41.
Yoshimura, T., Hino, J., Kamata, T., and Ananthanarayana, N.(1988). “Random vibration of a non-linear beam subjected to a moving load: A finite element method analysis.”J. Sound and Vibration, 122(2), 317–329.
42.
Zafir, Z., Siddharthan, R., and Sebaaly, P. E.(1994). “Dynamic pavement strain histories from moving traffic load.”J. Transp. Engrg., ASCE, 120(5), 821–842.
43.
Zheng, X. P., Wang, S. W., and Chen, B. P.(1991). “General solution for dynamic problem of infinite beam on an elastic foundation.”Appl. Math. Mech., 12(7), 633–637.
44.
Zhong, Y., and Liu, J. (1993). “Theoretical analysis of random dynamic load between road and vehicle.”Engrg. Mech., 10(4), 26–31 (in Chinese).
45.
Zhong, Y., Wang, Z. R., and Zhang, X. P. (1992). “Analysis to random dynamic loads caused by vehicles traveling on rough pavement.”China J. of Hwy. and Transp., 5(2), 40–43 (in Chinese).
46.
Zhu, W. Q. (1992). Random vibration. Scientific Press, Peking, People's Republic of China, 72–79 (in Chinese).
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Transportation Engineering
Volume 124 • Issue 5 • September 1998
Pages: 470 - 478
Copyright
Copyright © 1998 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Sep 1, 1998
Published in print: Sep 1998
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.