Different Travel Patterns: Interzonal, Intrazonal, and External Trips
Publication: Journal of Transportation Engineering
Volume 122, Issue 1
Abstract
Intrazonal and external trips are usually excluded from the modeling process because they are difficult to measure. The exclusion of such types of trips generally affects the accuracy of a calibrated distribution model. The present research aims at overcoming the limitation of estimating the travel cost of intrazonal and external trips. The increase or decrease in accuracy resulting from the exclusion of different trip types is also estimated. Moreover, the effects of different shares of intrazonal trips pertaining to different zoning systems on the accuracy of other trip types is investigated. These objectives were achieved by analyzing a database pertaining to Texas-commodity flows. A set of doubly constrained gravity models was calibrated for two zoning systems, 254-county and 24-district. The analysis reveals that the accuracy of estimates of different trip types would increase if the intrazonal trips were excluded. A two-step method to estimate complete, interzonal, intrazonal, and external trip matrices is suggested as follows: (1) calibrate the complete matrix to estimate the intrazonal and external trips while ignoring the estimates of interzonal trips; and (2) delete intrazonal and external trips and calibrate the remaining origin-destination matrix to estimate the interzonal trips, resulting in a new distribution model or a new cost parameter.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Batty, M. (1976). Urban modelling: algorithms, calibrations, predictions . Syndics of Cambridge University Press, London, Great Britain.
2.
Black, W. R.(1972). “Interregional commodity flows: some experiments with the gravity model.”Regional Sci. J., 12(1), 107–118.
3.
Bryton, M. J. (1978). Introduction to transportation planning . Hutchinson of London, London, Great Britain.
4.
Chatterjee, A., and Cribbins, P. D.(1972). “Forecasting travel on regional highway network.”Transp. Engrg. J., 98(2), 209–224.
5.
Easa, S. M.(1993). “Urban trip distribution in practice. I: conventional analysis.”J. Transp. Engrg. of ASCE, 119(6), 793–815.
6.
El-Dimeery, I. (1980). “A general form of the trip generation models based on the transportation market theory.”Civ. Engrg. Res. Mag., Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt, October, 1–12.
7.
Fratar, T. J.(1954). “Vehicular trip distribution by successive approximations.”Traffic Quarterly, 8(1), 53–65.
8.
Ghareib, A. H., Burke, D., and Lamkin, J. (1992). “Study of Texas commodity flow.”FHWA/TX-92/1104. Texas Transportation Institute, Department of Policy and Management, Volume 3, College Station, Texas.
9.
Hajek, J. (1977). “Optimal sample size of roadside-interview origin-destination surveys.” Res. and Devel. Div., Ministry of Transp. and Communications, Downsview, Ontario, Canada.
10.
Han, A. F., and Sullivan, E. C. (1982). “Trip table synthesis for CBD networks: evaluation of the LINKOD model.”Transp. Res. Rec. 944, Nat. Acad. of Sci., 106–112.
11.
Harker, P. T. (1987). Predicting intercity freight flows . VNU Science Press BV, Utrecht, The Netherlands, J. W. Arrowsmith Ltd., Bristol, Great Britain.
12.
Haskey, J. C. (1972). “Zonal trip flow error analysis.”MAU Note 241, Math. Advisory Unit, Dept. of the Envir., London, Great Britain.
13.
Haskey, J. C. (1973). “Empirical methods for judging the efficiency of mathematical models for transportation studies.”Proc., PTRC Seminar on Urban Traffic Models, University of Sussex, Vol. 1, Paper F2(i), Planning and Transport Research and Computation Co. Ltd., London, Great Britain.
14.
Kadiyali, L. H. (1983). Traffic engineering and transport planning, 2nd Ed., Khanna Publishers, New Delhi, India.
15.
Kanafani, A. (1983). Transportation demand analysis, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, N.Y.
16.
Kuwahara, M., and Sullivan, E. C. (1987). “Estimating O-D matrices from roadside survey data.”Transp. Res., 21B(3), 233–248.
17.
Lamb, G. M. (1970). “Introduction to transportation planning: 4-trip distribution and modal split.”Traffic Engrg. and Control, April, 628–630.
18.
Ogden, K. W. (1978). “The distribution of truck trips and commodity flow in urban areas: a gravity model analysis.”Transp. Res., Vol. 12, 131–137.
19.
Ortuzar, J. D., and Willumsen, L. G. (1990). Modeling transport . John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y.
20.
TransCAD: transportation workstation software reference manual: release 2.0. (1990). Caliper Corp., Newtown, Mass.
21.
U.S. Department of Commerce. (1965). “Calibrating and teasing a gravity model for any size urban area.” Bureau of Public Roads, Washington, D.C.
22.
Van Vliet, D., and Willumsen, L. G. (1981). “Validation of the ME2 model for estimating trip matrices from traffic counts.”Proc., 8th Int. Symp. on Transp. and Traffic Theory, Toronto, Canada.
23.
Van Zuylen, H. J., and Willumsen, L. G. (1980). “The most likely trip matrix estimated from traffic counts.”Transp. Res., Vol. 14B, 281–293.
24.
Wildermuth, B. R., et al. (1972). “Effect of Zone Size on Traffic Assignment and Trip Distribution,”Transp. Res. Rec. 392, 58–75.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Transportation Engineering
Volume 122 • Issue 1 • January 1996
Pages: 67 - 75
Copyright
Copyright © 1996 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Jan 1, 1996
Published in print: Jan 1996
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.