Least-Squares Formula for Zero Error of Electromagnetic Distance Measuring Instruments
Publication: Journal of Surveying Engineering
Volume 129, Issue 4
Abstract
The zero error of electromagnetic distance measuring instruments is a near-constant systematic error, which has the same effect on the measured distances. This paper presents a least-squares formula for this correction based on the division of a baseline into m subbaselines, and measuring all possible distances between the marked points. The validity of the formulation is verified by two examples.
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References
Burnside, C. D. (1991). Electromagnetic distance measurements, 3rd Ed., Oxford, BSP Professional Books, Great Britain.
Dracup, J. F., Fronczek, C. J., and Tomlinson, R. W. (1977). “Establishment of Calibration Baselines.” National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Technical Memorandum No. NOS NGS-8, U.S. Department Of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Rockville, MD.
Fronczek, J. F. (1978). “Use of Calibration Baselines.” NOAA Technical Memorandum No. NOS NGS-10, U.S. Department Of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Rockville, MD.
Rüeger, J. M. (1980). Introduction to electronic distance measurement, 2nd Ed., School of Surveying, The Univ. of New South Wales, Australia.
Wells, D. E., and Krakiwsky, E. J. (1971). The method of least squares, Dept. of Surveying Engineering, Univ. of New Brunswick, Fredericton, N.B., Canada.
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Information
Published In
Journal of Surveying Engineering
Volume 129 • Issue 4 • November 2003
Pages: 136 - 140
Copyright
Copyright © 2003 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Nov 6, 2001
Accepted: Sep 3, 2002
Published online: Oct 15, 2003
Published in print: Nov 2003
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