Modeling of Stadia Surveying with Incomplete Intercepts
Publication: Journal of Surveying Engineering
Volume 116, Issue 3
Abstract
Observation of the half‐ and quarter‐intercepts in stadia surveying is often necessary for long sights, large vertical angles, and situations in which the line of sight is obstructed. Applying the standard stadia formulas using the doubled half‐intercept or quadrupled quarter‐intercept may produce substantial discrepancies in the horizontal distance and the difference in elevation. This paper develops revised stadia formulas that are explicit functions of the observed half‐ or quarter‐intercept, the vertical angle, and instrument‐related parameters. The formulas are based on the geometric relationships between the actual complete intercept and the observed incomplete intercept. The incomplete intercept can be the lower or upper half‐intercept; or the lower, middle lower, middle upper, or upper quarter‐intercept. The formulas, which involve only a minor modification of the standard stadia formulas, can be easily applied manually or programmed on electronic calculators.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Anderson, J. M., Mikhail, E. M., and Woolnough, D. F. (1985). Introduction to surveying. McGraw‐Hill Ryerson, New York, N.Y.
2.
McCormac, J. C. (1983). Surveying fundamentals. Prentice‐Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
3.
Moffit, F. H., and Bouchard, H. (1987). Surveying. Harper and Row, New York, N.Y.
4.
Wolf, P. R., and Brinker, R. C. (1989). Elementary surveying. Harper and Row, New York, N.Y.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 1990 ASCE.
History
Published online: Aug 1, 1990
Published in print: Aug 1990
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.