Strut-and-Tie Nonlinear Cyclic Analysis of Concrete Frames
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 135, Issue 10
Abstract
A computer-based strut-and-tie model formulation procedure is presented, allowing the nonlinear cyclic response of an entire reinforced concrete structural system to be investigated. Load-carrying capacity and the failure sequence of structural components resulting from localized damage are predicted. In addition, a hybrid modeling solution strategy that incorporates nonlinear strut-and-tie models into the conventional planar frame modeling technique is proposed. This hybrid solution minimizes the computational time required to perform nonlinear analysis of large concrete frame structures in which accurate modeling of the disturbed regions is critical. Advantages and deficiencies of the proposed nonlinear analyses with respect to conventional methods are also demonstrated.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Allahabadi, R., and Powell, G. H. (1988). “Drain 2DX user guide.” Rep. No. EERC-88/06, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, College of Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Calif.
Bhide, S., and Collins, M. P. (1989). “Tension influence on shear capacity of members.” ACI Struct. J., 86(5), 570–581.
CEB-FIP. (1978). Model code for concrete structures, CEB-FIP international recommendation, 3rd Ed., Comite Euro-International du Beton/Federation Internationale de la Precontrainte, Paris.
Bull, D. K., and Brunsdon, D. R. (1998). Examples of Concrete Structural Design to New Zealand Standard 3101:1995, Cement & Concrete Association of NZ and NZ Concrete Society, Wellington, New Zealand.
Collins, M. P. (1978). “Towards a rational theory for RC members in shear.” J. Struct. Div., 104, 649–666.
Fenwick, R. C., Megget, L. M., and Wuu, P. (1996). “Load deflection characteristic of plastic hinges in ductile concrete beams.” Proc., Eleventh World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering (CD-ROM), Acapulco, Mexico, Pergamon: Elsevier Science, Oxford, England, Paper No. 469.
Lin, C. M. (2000). “Seismic behaviour and design of reinforced concrete interior beam column joints.” Research Rep. No. 2000–1, Department of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Canterbury, Canterbury, U.K.
MacGregor, J. G. (1997). Reinforced concrete mechanics and design, 3rd Ed., Prentice-Hall, New Jersey.
Marti, P. (1999). “How to treat shear in structural concrete.” ACI Struct. J., 96(3), 408–414.
Mitchell, D., and Collins, M. P. (1974). “Diagonal compression field theory—A rational model for structural concrete in pure torsion.” ACI J., 71, 396–408.
Park, R., and Paulay, T. (1975). Reinforced concrete structures, Wiley, New York.
Priestley, M. J. N., Seible, F., and Calvi, G. M. (1996). Seismic design and retrofit of bridges, Seismic Design and Retrofit of Bridges, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
Salem, H. M., and Maekawa, K. (2006). “Computer-aided analysis of reinforced concrete using a refined nonlinear strut and tie model approach.” J. Adv. Concr. Technol., 4(2), 325–336.
Schlaich, J., Schafer, K., and Jennewin, M. (1987). “Towards a consistent design of structural concrete.” PCI J., 32(3), 74–151.
Sritharan, S. (1998). “Analysis of concrete bridge joints subjected to seismic actions.” Ph.D. thesis, Department of Applied Mechanics and Engineering Sciences, Univ. of California at San Diego, La Jolla, Calif.
Sritharan, S., and Ingham, J. (2003). “Application of strut-and-tie concepts to concrete bridge joints in seismic regions.” PCI J., 48(4), 66–89.
Sritharan, S., Priestley, M. J. N., and Seible, F. (1997). “Seismic design and performance of concrete multi-column bents for bridges.” Rep. No. SSRP-97/03, Structural Systems Research Project, Univ. of California, San Diego, Calif.
Sritharan, S., Priestley, M. J. N., and Seible, F. (2000). “Nonlinear finite element analysis of concrete bridge joint systems subjected to seismic actions.” Finite Elem. Anal. Design, 36(3–4), 215–233.
Sritharan, S., Priestley, M. J. N., and Seible, F. (2001). “Seismic design and experimental verification of concrete multiple column bridge bents.” ACI Struct. J., 98(3), 335–346.
Standards Association of New Zealand. (1992). “Code of practice for general structural design and design loadings for building.” NZS 4203, Wellington.
Standards Association of New Zealand. (1995). “Code of practice for the design of concrete structures.” NZS 3101, Wellington.
Tjhin, T. N., and Kuchma, D. A. (2007). “Integrated analysis and design tool for the strut-and-tie method.” Eng. Struct., 29(11), 3042–3052.
Tjokrodimuljo, K. (1985). “Behaviour of reinforced concrete under cyclic loading.” Report No. 374, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Auckland, New Zealand.
To, N. H. T. (2005). “Nonlinear structural analysis using strut-and-tie models.” Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
To, N. H. T., Ingham, J. M., and Sritharan, S. (2003). “Strut-and-tie computer modelling of reinforced concrete bridge joint systems.” J. Earthquake Eng., 7(3), 463–493.
Yun, Y. M. (2000a). “Nonlinear strut-tie model approach for structural concrete.” ACI Struct. J., 97(4), 581–590.
Yun, Y. M. (2000b). “Computer graphics for nonlinear strut-tie model approach.” J. Comput. Civ. Eng., 14(2), 127–133.
Yun, Y. M., and Lee, W. S. (2005). “Nonlinear strut-tie model analysis of pre-tensioned concrete deep beams.” Adv. Struct. Eng., 8(1), 85–97.
Zhao, J., and Sritharan, S. (2007). “Modeling of strain penetration effects in fiber-based analysis of reinforced concrete structures.” ACI Struct. J., 104(2), 133–141.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2009 ASCE.
History
Received: Nov 7, 2007
Accepted: May 11, 2009
Published online: Sep 15, 2009
Published in print: Oct 2009
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.