New Connection System for Confined Concrete Columns and Beams. II: Theoretical Modeling
This article is a reply.
VIEW THE ORIGINAL ARTICLEThis article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYPublication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 134, Issue 12
Abstract
The concept of confined concrete has been widely accepted throughout the structural engineering field, such as the spiral, steel tube, or carbon fiber composite shell confined concrete, etc. In the present study, this concept has not only been used in the structural columns, but also in joints. In this connection system, the steel tube is interrupted at the floor, the concrete in the connection zone is confined by a stiffening ring with multiple lateral hoops, and the reinforced concrete beams are continuously arranged through the joint. The structural behavior of this new connection system in axial compression tests and reversed cyclic loading tests is presented in a companion paper. In the present study, the bearing strength of composite columns and the joint in axial compression is obtained based on the stress and strain analyses. The critical volume fraction of transverse stirrups of the composite column and the effective confining radius in the stiffening ring are proposed based on the thick cylinder model with the assumption of plane stress state. By using these solutions, it is favorable to obtain the stress distribution in confining concrete and the bearing strength of the confined concrete. For the reversed cyclic loading tests, the Clough hysteresis model is used to simulate the hysteresis loops of the specimens without considering the stiffness degradation in the unloading process. The results of the theoretical modeling are generally in good agreement with the experimental observations.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The writers appreciate the financial support from the Chinese National Science Foundation NSF(Grant Nos. 50438020 and 50828803), and the third writer also appreciates the financial support from Louisiana State University.
References
American Concrete Institute (ACI). (2005). “Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary.” 318-05, American Concrete Institute, Detroit.
Assa, B., Nishiyama, M., and Watanabe, F. (2001a). “New approach for modeling confined concrete. I: Circular columns.” J. Struct. Eng., 127(7), 743–750.
Assa, B., Nishiyama, M., and Watanabe, F. (2001b). “New approach for modeling confined concrete. II: Rectangular columns.” J. Struct. Eng., 127(7), 751–757.
Becque, J., Patnaik, A., and Rizkalla, S. H. (2003). “Analytical model for concrete confined with FRP tubes.” J. Compos. Constr., 7(1), 31–38.
Cai, J., Xie, X., and Yang, C. (2002). “An experimental research on the composite column with core of high-strength concrete filled steel tube under axial compression loading.” J. South China Univ. Technol., Nat. Sci., 30(6), 81–85 (in Chinese).
Cai, S. (2003). Modern steel tube confined concrete structure, China Communications Press, Beijing, China (in Chinese).
CEB-FIP. (1993). “Bulletin d’ information No. 213/214 CEB-FIP model code 1990.” Comite Euro-International du Beton, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Cho, C. G., Kwon, M., and Spacone, E. (2005). “Analytical model of concrete-filled fiber-reinforced polymer tubes based on multiaxial constitutive laws.” J. Struct. Eng., 131(9), 1426–1433.
Clough, R. W. (1966). “Effect of stiffness degradation on earthquake ductility requirements.” Technical Rep. No. SESM66-16, Univ. of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, Calif.
Cusson, D., and Paultre, P. (1995). “Stress-strain model for confined high strength concrete.” J. Struct. Eng., 121(3), 468–477.
Eurocode 2. (2001). “Eurocode2: Design of concrete structures—Part 1: General rules and rules for buildings.” CEN B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.
Gould, N. C., and Harmon, T. G. (2000). “Design limit states for composite-confined concrete columns.” Proc., 14th Engineering Mechanics Conf. (CD-ROM), ASCE, Reston, Va.
Guo, Z. (1999). Principles of reinforced concrete, Tsinghua University Press, Beijing, China (in Chinese).
Hajjar, J. F., Gourley, B. C., and Olson, M. C. (1997a). “A cyclic nonlinear model for concrete-filled tubes. I: Formulation.” J. Struct. Eng., 123(6), 736–744.
Hajjar, J. F., Gourley, B. C., and Olson, M. C. (1997b). “A cyclic nonlinear model for concrete-filled tubes. II: Verification.” J. Struct. Eng., 123(6), 745–754.
Han, L., and Feng, J. (1995). “Constitutive relations of concrete and its applications in the integral analysis of concrete filled steel tube.” J. Harbin Univ. Architecture and Engineering, 28(5), 26–32 (in Chinese).
Hawkins, N. M. (1968a). “The bearing capacity of concrete loaded through flexible plates.” Mag. Concrete Res., 20(62), 95–102.
Hawkins, N. M. (1968b). “The bearing capacity of concrete loaded through rigid plates.” Mag. Concrete Res., 20(62), 31–40.
Hearn, E. J. (1997). Mechanics of materials: An introduction to the mechanics of elastic and plastic deformation of solids and structural materials, Vol. 1, 3rd Ed., Elsevier, ⟨http://www.knovel.com/knovel2/Toc.jsp?BookID=432&VerticalID=0⟩.
Hoshikuma, J., and Kawashima, K. (1997). “Stress-strain model for confined reinforced concrete in bridge piers.” J. Struct. Eng., 123(5), 624–633.
Kvedaras, A. K., and Sapalas, A. (1999). “Research and practice of concrete-filled steel tubes in Lithuania.” J. Constr. Steel Res., 49, 197–212.
Lin, Y. (2002). “Experimental and study of steel reinforced concrete column with steel circle pipe.” Ph.D. thesis, Southeast Univ., Nanjing, China (in Chinese).
Lokuge, W. P., Sanjayan, J. G., and Setunge, S. (2005). “Stress-strain model for laterally confined concrete.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 17(6), 607–619.
Mander, J. B., Priestley, M. J. N., and Park, R. (1988). “Theoretical stress-strain model for confined concrete.” J. Struct. Eng., 114(8), 1804–1848.
Meyerhof, G. G. (1953). “The bearing capacity of concrete and rock.” Mag. Concrete Res., 4(12), 107–116.
Ministry of Construction (2002). “Code for design of concrete structure.” GB50010-2002, Ministry of Construction, P.R. China.
Moran, D. A., and Pantelides, P. P. (2002). “Stress-strain model for fiber-reinforced polymer-confined concrete.” J. Compos. Constr., 6(4), 233–240.
Nie, J., Bai, Y., and Cai, C. S. (2008). “New connection system for confined concrete columns and beams. I: Experimental study.” J. Struct. Eng., 134(12), 1787–1799.
O’Shea, M. D., and Bridge, R. Q. (2000). “Design of circular thin-walled concrete filled steel tubes.” J. Struct. Eng., 126(11), 1295–1303.
Richart, F. E., Brandtzaeg, A., and Brown, R. L. (1928). “A study of the failure of concrete under combined compressive stresses.” Bull. No. 185, Engineering experimental station, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, Ill.
Roeder, C. W., Cameron, B., and Brown, B. C. (1999). “Composite action in concrete filled tubes.” J. Struct. Eng., 125(5), 477–484.
Saiidi, M. (1982). “Hysteresis models for reinforced concrete.” J. Struct. Div., 108(5), 1077–1087.
Schneider, S. P. (1996). “Axially loaded concrete-filled steel tubes.” J. Struct. Eng., 124(10), 1125–1138.
Sheikh, S. A., and Uzumeri, S. M. (1982). “Analytical model for concrete confinement in tied columns.” J. Struct. Div., 108(12), 2703–2722.
Shelson, W. (1957). “Bearing capacity of concrete.” J. Am. Concr. Inst., 29(5), 405–414.
SNiP. (1989). “Concrete and reinforced concrete structures: Design code.” 2.03.01-84, CITP Gosstroja SSSR, Moscow (in Russian).
Spoelstra, M. R., and Monti, G. (1999). “FRP-confined concrete model.” J. Compos. Constr., 3(3), 143–150.
Stewart, W. G. (1987). “The seismic design of plywood sheathed shearwalls.” Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Xiao, Y., He, W., and Choi, K. (2005). “Confined concrete-filled tubular columns.” J. Struct. Eng., 131(3), 488–497.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 134 • Issue 12 • December 2008
Pages: 1800 - 1809
Copyright
© 2008 ASCE.
History
Received: Jun 5, 2007
Accepted: Jun 30, 2008
Published online: Dec 1, 2008
Published in print: Dec 2008
Notes
Note. Associate Editor: Judy Liu
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.