Composite Shear Stud Strength at Early Concrete Ages
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 130, Issue 6
Abstract
Composite action between a reinforced concrete deck and steel girders is usually achieved by making use of welded headed shear studs. The mechanics of shear studs embedded in mature concrete has been investigated extensively in the past. Current literature, however, lacks experimental evidence of steel–concrete interface behavior at early concrete ages. This information is useful in understanding the behavior of bridges during construction. Current testing methods are not suitable for determining the response of shear studs embedded in early-age concrete. In order to avoid this limitation, a new pushout test setup has been developed. A total of 24 pushout tests were performed at concrete ages ranging from 4 h to 28 days. Test results were used to develop load–slip curves and strength expressions. Furthermore, the variation of concrete properties with time and the applicability of the existing code equations for predicting early-age concrete stiffness were examined. Test results revealed that shear transfer is achieved at very early concrete ages and rate of stiffness gain of concrete is greater than that of strength.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
American Concrete Institute (ACI). (1999). “Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary.” ACI 318R-99, Farmington Hills, Mich.
American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC). (1994). Manual of steel construction–load and resistance factor design, 2nd Ed., Chicago.
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). (1994). “Standard test method for static modulus of elasticity and poisson’s ratio of concrete in compression.” ASTM-C469-94, West Conshohocken, Pa.
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). (1996). “Standard test method for splitting tensile strength of cylindrical concrete specimens.” ASTM C496-96, West Conshohocken, Pa.
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). (1999). “Standard test method for compressive strength of cylindrical concrete specimens.” ASTM-C39/C 39M-99, West Conshohocken, Pa.
Khan, A. A., Cook, W. D., and Mitchell, D.(1995). “Early age compressive stress–strain properties of low-, medium-, and high-strength concretes.” ACI Mater. J., 92(6), 617–624.
Lew, H. S., and Reichard, T. W.(1978). “Mechanical properties of concrete at early ages.” ACI J., 75(10), 533–542.
MacGregor, J. G. (1997). Reinforced concrete: Mechanics and design. 3rd Ed., Prentice–Hall, Upper Saddle River, N.J.
Mehta, P. K. (1986). Concrete: Structure, properties, and materials, Prentice–Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
Mo, Y. L., Chang, W. L., and Lee, Y. C.(1998). “Early form removal of reinforced concrete slabs.” Pract. Period. Struct. Des. Constr., 3(2), 51–55.
Ollgaard, J. G., Slutter, R. G., and Fisher, J. W.(1971). “Shear strength of stud connectors in lightweight and normal-weight concrete.” AISC Eng. J., 8(2), 55–64.
Oluokun, F. A., Burdette, E. G., and Deatherage, J. H.(1991). “Elastic modulus, poisson’s ratio, and compressive strength relationship at early ages.” ACI Mater. J., 88(1), 3–10.
Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). (1993). Standard specification book, Austin, Tex.
Topkaya, C. (2002). “Behavior of curved steel trapezoidal box girders during construction.” PhD dissertation, Univ. of Texas at Austin, Austin, Tex.
Viest, I. M., Colaco, J. P., Furlong, R. W., Griffis, L. G., Leon, R. T., and Wyllie, L. A. (1997). Composite construction design for buildings, McGraw–Hill, New York.
Wang, Y. C.(1998). “Deflection of steel–concrete composite beams with partial shear interaction.” J. Struct. Eng., 124(10), 1159–1165.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 2004 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jul 10, 2002
Accepted: Mar 12, 2003
Published online: May 14, 2004
Published in print: Jun 2004
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.