Component Testing, Seismic Evaluation and Characterization of Buckling-Restrained Braces
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 130, Issue 6
Abstract
This paper reports on the results from a comprehensive component testing program on a type of buckling-restrained brace known as the Unbonded Brace™. The experimental data are used to: (1) verify the results of theoretical predictions on the structural stability of the braces; (2) validate the inelasitc capacity of the braces under severe earthquake demands; and (3) calibrate a macroscopic hysteretic model that is found to predict, with fidelity, the brace force–displacement behavior. The study concludes that the unbonded brace is a reliable and practical alternative to conventional framing systems to enhance the earthquake resistance of new and existing structures; capable of providing both the rigidity needed to satisfy structural drift limits, while delivering a substantial and repeatable energy absorption capability.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Batdorf, S. B. (1949). “Theories of plastic buckling.” J. Aeronaut. Sci., 405–408.
Bazant, Z. P., and Cedolin, L. (1991). Stability of structures, Oxford University Press, Oxford, U.K.
Bergman, D. M., and Goel, S. C. (1987). “Evaluation of cyclic testing of steel-plate devices for added damping and stiffness.” Technical Rep. No. UMCE 87-10, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Bijlaard, P. P.(1956). “Theory of plastic buckling of plates and application to simply supported plates subjected to bending or eccentric compression in their plane.” J. Appl. Mech., 23(1), 27–34.
Black, C. J., Makris, N., and Aiken, I. D. (2002). “Component testing, stability analysis and characterization of buckling restrained braces.” Rep. No. PEER 2002/08, Univ. of California, Berkeley, Calif.
Bleich, F. (1952). Buckling strength of metal structures, McGraw–Hill, New York.
Bouc, R.(1971). “Modèl mathématique d’hysteresis.” Acustica, 24, 16–25.
Gerard, G., and Becker, H. (1957). “Handbook on structural stability: Part I—Buckling of flat plates.” Technical Note 3781, National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics.
Green, A. E., and Naghdi, P. M.(1965). “A general theory of an elastic-plastic continuum.” Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal., 18, 251–281.
Hutchinson, J. W. (1974). “Plastic buckling.” Advances in applied mechanics, C.-S. Yih, ed., Academic, New York.
Ilyushin, A. A. (1947). “The elasto-plastic stability of plates.” Technical Note 1188, National Advisory Commission on Aeronautics.
Kelly, J. M., Skinner, R. I., and Heine, A. J.(1992). “Mechanism of energy absorption in special devices for use in earthquake resistant structures.” Bull. N.Z. Nat. Soc. Earthquake Eng., 5(3), 63–88.
Kimura, K., Takeda, Y., Yoshioka, K., Furuya, N., and Takemoto, Y. (1976). “An experimental study on braces encased in steel tube and mortar.” Proc., Annual Meeting of the Architectural Institute of Japan, Japan (in Japanese).
Lubliner, J. (1990). Plasticity theory, Macmillan, New York.
Makris, N.(2003). “Plastic torsional buckling of cruciform compression members.” J. Eng. Mech., 129(6), 689–696.
Makris, N., and Chang, S. P.(2000). “Effect of viscous, viscoplastic and friction damping on the response of seismic isolated structures.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 29, 85–107.
Mochizuki, N., Murata, Y., Andou, N., and Takahashi, S. (1980). “An experimental study on buckling of unbonded braces under centrally applied loads.” Proc., Annual Meeting of the Architectural Institute of Japan, Japan (in Japanese).
Onat, E. T., and Drucker, D. C.(1952). “Inelastic instability and incremental theories of plasticity.” J. Aeronaut. Sci., 20(3), 181–186.
Papadopoulos, P., and Lu, J.(1998). “A general framework for the numerical solution of problems in finite elasto-plasticity.” Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng., 159, 1–18.
Sivaselvan, M. V., and Reinhorn, A. M.(2000). “Hysteretic models for deteriorating inelastic structures.” J. Eng. Mech., 126(6), 633–640.
Simo, J. C. and Hughes, T. J. R. (1998). Computational Inelasticity, interdisciplinary applied mathematics, Vol. 7, Springer, New York.
Skinner, R. I., Kelly, M. J., and Heine, A. J.(1975). “Hysteretic dampers for earthquake-resistant structures.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 3, 287–296.
Stowell, E. Z. (1948). “Unified theory of plastic buckling of columns and plates.” Technical Note 1681, National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics.
Timoshenko, S. P., and Gere, J. M. (1961). Theory of elastic stability, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Tsai, K. C., Chen, H. W., Hong, C. P., and Su, Y. F.(1993). “Design of steel triangular plate energy absorbers for seismic-resistant construction.” Earthquake Spectra, 9(3), 505–528.
Tyler, R. G.(1978). “Tapered steel cantilever energy absorbers.” Bull. N.Z. Nat. Soc. Earthquake Eng., 11(4), 282–294.
Wada, A., Saeki, E., Takeuch, T., and Watanabe, A. (1989). “Development of unbonded brace.” Column Technical Publication No. 115 1989.12, Nippon Steel, Japan.
Watanabe, A., Hitomoi, Y., Saeki, E., Wada, A., and Fujimoto, M. (1988). “Properties of braces encased in buckling-restraining concrete and steel tube.” Proc., 9th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, Vol. IV, Tokyo-Kyoto, Japan, 719–724.
Watanabe, A., and Nakamura, H. (1992). “Study on the behavior of buildings using steel with low yield point.” Proc., 10th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 4465–4468.
Wen, Y.-K.(1975). “Approximate method for nonlinear random vibration.” J. Eng. Mech., 101(4), 389–401.
Wen, Y.-K.(1976). “Method for random vibration of hysteretic systems.” J. Eng. Mech., 102(2), 249–263.
Whittaker, A. S., Aiken, I. D., Bergman, D., Clark, P. W., Cohen, J., Kelly, J. M., and Scholl, R. (1993). “Code requirements for the design and implementation of passive energy dissipation systems.” Proc., ATC 17-1 Seminar on Seismic Isolation, Passive Energy Dissipation, and Active Control, Vol. 2, San Francisco, 497–508.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 130 • Issue 6 • June 2004
Pages: 880 - 894
Copyright
Copyright © 2004 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: May 7, 2002
Accepted: Dec 15, 2003
Published online: May 14, 2004
Published in print: Jun 2004
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.