TECHNICAL PAPERS
Oct 15, 2002

Performance Evaluation of Controlled Steel Frames under Multilevel Seismic Loads

Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 128, Issue 11

Abstract

The goal of this research is to evaluate different structural control methods in enhancing the overall structural performance under seismic excitations. This study focuses on steel moment resisting frames and several types of possible controllers: (1) friction pendulum base isolation system; (2) linear viscous dampers; and (3) active tendon brace system. Two structures are selected from the SAC Phase II project, the three story system, and the nine story system. Simulations of these systems, both controlled and uncontrolled, are prepared using the three suites of earthquake records, also from the SAC Phase II project, that represent three different return periods. Several controllers are developed for each structure, and their performance is judged based on both roof and interstory drift and normalized dissipated hysteretic energy. Results indicate that structural control systems are effective solutions that can improve structural performance. All three control strategies investigated can significantly reduce the seismic demands on a structure, thereby reducing the expected damage to the structure.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

References

Agrawal, A. K., and Yang, J. N.(1996). “Optimal polynomial control for seismically excited nonlinear and hysteretic structures.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 25(11), 1211–1230.
Aiken, I. D., and Kelly, J. M. (1990). “Earthquake simulator testing and analytical studies of two energy absorbing systems for multi-story structures.” Rep. No. UCB/EERC-90/03, Univ. of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, Calif.
Bani-Hani, K., and Ghaboussi, J.(1998). “Neural networks for structural control of a benchmark problem, active tendon system.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 27, 1225–1245.
Bani-Hani, K., Ghaboussi, J., and Schneider, S. P.(1999). “Experimental study of identification and control of structures using neural network—Part II: Control.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 28, 1019–1039.
Barroso, L. R. (1999). “Performance evaluation of vibration controlled steel structures under seismic loads.” PhD thesis, Stanford Univ., Stanford, Calif.
Barroso, L. R., Breneman, S. E., and Smith, H. A. (1998). “Evaluating the effectiveness of actively controlled structures within the context of performance-based engineering.” Proc., 6th National Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, Seattle.
Battaini, M., Casciati, F., and Faravelli, L.(1998). “Fuzzy control of structural vibration: An active mass system driven by a fuzzy controller.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 27, 1267–1276.
Breneman, S. E. (2000). “Practical design issues in the design of active control systems for civil engineering structures.” PhD thesis, Stanford Univ., Stanford, Calif.
Building Seismic Safety Council (BSSC). (1997). “NEHRP guidelines for the seismic regulation of existing buildings and other structures.” Rep. No. FEMA 273, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, D.C.
Buckle, I. G., and Mayes, R. L.(1990). “Seismic isolation history, application, and performance—A world view.” Earthquake Spectra, 6(2), 161–201.
Chase, J. G., and Smith, H. A.(1996). “Robust control considering actuator saturation.” J. Eng. Mech., 122(10), 976–993.
Cherry, S., and Filiatraut, A.(1993). “Seismic response control of buildings using friction dampers.” Earthquake Spectra, 9(3), 447–466.
Clough, R. W., and Penzien, J. (1993). Dynamics of structures, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Constantinou, M. C. (1994). “Principles of friction, viscoelastic, yielding steel, and fluid dampers: Properties and design.” Passive and active vibration control in civil engineering, M. C. Constantinou, ed., Springer, New York, 209–240.
Constantinou, M. C., Mokha, A., and Reinhorn, A. M.(1990). “Teflon bearings in base isolation II: Modeling.” J. Struct. Eng., 116(2), 455–474.
Constantinou, M. C., Mokha, A., and Reinhorn, A. M.(1991). “Study of sliding bearing and helical-steel-spring isolation system.” J. Struct. Eng., 117(4), 1257–1275.
Constantinou, M. C., and Symans, M. D. (1992). “Experimental and analytical investigation of seismic response of structures with supplemental fluid dampers.” Rep. No. NCEER-92-0032, National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, Buffalo, N.Y.
Constantinou, M. C., Tsoupelas, Y.-S., and Okamoto, S. (1993). “NCEER-TAISEI corporation research program on sliding seismic isolation systems for bridges—experimental and analytical studies.” Rep. No. NCEER-93-0020, National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, Buffalo, N.Y.
Dyke, S. J., Spencer, B. F., Quast, P., and Sain, M. K.(1995). “Role of control-structure interaction in protective system design.” J. Eng. Mech., 121(2), 322–338.
Fu, Y., and Kasai, K.(1998). “Comparative study of frames using viscoelastic and viscous dampers.” J. Struct. Eng., 124(5), 513–522.
Gupta, A. (1999). “Seismic demands for performance evaluation of steel moment resisting frame structures.” PhD, Stanford Univ., Stanford, Calif.
Gupta, M. M. (1997). “Fuzzy-neural computing systems: Recent developments and future directions.” Proc., 5th Int. Conf. Fuzzy Logic, Dortmund, Germany, 82–91.
Krawinkler, H., and Gupta, A. (1998). “Story drift demands for steel moment frame structures in different seismic regions.” Proc., 6th National Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, Seattle.
Kwan, H. K., and Cai, Y.(1994). “A fuzzy-neural network and its application to pattern recognition.” IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst., 3, 185–193.
Lin, R. C., Liang, Z., Soong, T. T., Zhang, R. H., and Mahmoodi, P.(1991). “An experimental study on seismic behavior of viscoelastic structures.” Eng. Struct., 12(1), 75–84.
Llera, J. C., and Almazan, J. L. (1998). “Some practical aspects in the modeling of friction pendulum devices.” Proc., 6th U.S. National Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, Seattle.
Mokha, A., Constantinou, M. C., and Reinhorn, A. M. (1988). “Teflon bearings in aseismic isolation: Experimental studies and mathematical modeling.” Rep. No. NCEER-88-0038, National Center for Earthquake Engineering, Buffalo, N.Y.
Mokha, A., Constantinou, M. C., Reinhorn, A. M., and Zayas, V.(1991). “Experimental study of friction pendulum isolation system.” J. Struct. Eng., 117(4), 1201–1217.
Nagarajaiah, S. (1994). “Fuzzy controller for structures with hybrid isolation system.” Proc., 1st World Conf. on Structural Control, Los Angeles, 67–76.
Ohtori, Y., Christenson, R. E., Spencer, B. F., and Dyke, S. J. (2000a). “Benchmark control problems for seismically excited nonlinear buildings.” http://www.nd.edu/˜quake/benchmarks/bench3def/.
Ohtori, Y., Christenson, R. E., Spencer, B. F., and Dyke, S. J. (2000b). “Benchmark control problems for seismically excited nonlinear buildings.” Proc., 2nd European Conf. on Structural Control, Champssur-Marne, France.
Smith, H. A., and Schemmann, A. G. (1996). “Modeling issues associated with vibration control of cable-stayed bridges.” Proc., 2nd Int. Workshop on Structural Control, Hong Kong, Japan, 509–520.
Sommerville, P., Smith, N., Punyamurthula, S., and Sun, J. (1997). “Development of ground motion time histories for phase II of the FEMA/SAC steel project.” SAC Background Document Rep. No. SAC/BD-97/04.
Spencer, B. F., and Sain, M. K.(1997). “Controlling buildings: a new frontier in feedback.” IEEE Control Syst. Mag., 17(6), 19–35.
Spencer, B. F., Suhardjo, J., and Sain, M. K.(1994). “Frequency domain optimal control strategies for aseismic protection.” J. Eng. Mech., 120(1), 135–158.
Structural Engineers Association of California (SEAOC). (1995). “Vision 2000—A framework for performance-based design, Volumes 1, 2, and 3.” Tech. Rep. from Vision 2000 Committee, (SEAOC) Sacramento, Calif.
Suhardjo, J., Spencer, B. F., and Kareem, A.(1992). “Frequency domain optimal control of wind excited structures.” J. Eng. Mech., 118(12), 2463–3481.
Tsoupelas, Y.-S., Okamoto, S., Constantinou, M. C., Osaki, D., and Fujii, S. (1994). “NCEER-TASAI corporation research program on sliding seismic isolation system for bridges—analytical and experimental study of systems consisting of sliding bearings, rubber restoring force devices, and fluid dampers.” Rep. No. NCEER-94-0002, National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, Buffalo, N.Y.
Venini, P., and Wen, Y. K. (1994). “Hybrid vibration control of MDOF hysteretic structures with neural networks.” Proc., 1st World Conf. on Structural Control, Los Angeles, 53–62.
Wen, Y. K.(1976). “Method for random vibration of hysteretic systems.” J. Eng. Mech. Div., Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 102(2), 249–263.
Zayas, V., Low, S. S., and Mahin, S. A. (1987). “The FPS earthquake resisting system: Experimental report.” Rep. No. UCB/EERC-87/01, Univ. of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, Calif.
Zhang, R. H., Soong, T. T., and Mahmoodi, P.(1989). “Seismic response of steel frame structures with added viscoelastic dampers.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 18, 389–396.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Structural Engineering
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 128Issue 11November 2002
Pages: 1368 - 1378

History

Received: Mar 28, 2001
Accepted: Mar 12, 2002
Published online: Oct 15, 2002
Published in print: Nov 2002

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Luciana R. Barroso, Aff.ASCE
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M Univ., 3136 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-3136 (corresponding author).
Scott E. Breneman, Aff.ASCE
Research Assistant, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA 94305-4020.
H. Allison Smith, M.ASCE
Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA 94305-4020.

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share