Bidirectional Behavior of Structural Clay Tile Infilled Frames
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 125, Issue 3
Abstract
Several bidirectional tests were performed on structural clay tile infilled steel frames to assess the interaction of in-plane and out-of-plane forces and to understand the behavior of damaged infills. Tests consisted of in-plane and out-of-plane uniform lateral load tests, out-of-plane drift tests, sequential tests (in-plane damage followed by out-of-plane loading, and out-of-plane damage followed by in-plane loading), one combined in-plane and out-of-plane test, and a seismic shake table test. Infill panels had sufficient out-of-plane stability under both inertial (uniform) loads and imposed drift loads. This stability was due to arching, or the development of in-plane membrane forces. The interaction of in-plane and out-of-plane forces was not significant, particularly at moderate levels of loading. The primary effect of sequential loading was loss of in-plane stiffness due to elimination of the diagonal cracking limit state. Under combined in-plane and out-of-plane loading, the infill remained remarkably stable, even after much damage to the masonry panel.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Abrams, D. P., Angel, R., and Uzarski, J. ( 1993). “Transverse strength of damaged URM infills.” Proc., 6th North Am. Masonry Conf., Masonry Society, Boulder, Colo., 347–358.
2.
Angel, R., Abrams, D. P., Shapiro, D., Uzarski, J., and Webster, M. ( 1994). “Behavior of reinforced concrete frames with masonry infills.” Struct. Res. Ser. 589, Dept. of Civ. Engrg., University of Illinois, Urbana, Ill.
3.
Benedetti, D., and Benzoni, G. M. ( 1984). “A numerical model for seismic analysis of masonry buildings: Experimental correlations.” Earthquake Engrg. and Struct. Dyn., 12(6), 817–831.
4.
Bennett, R. M., Boyd, K. A., and Flanagan, R. D. (1997). “Compressive properties of structural clay tile prisms.”J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 123(7), 920–926.
5.
Bruneau, M., and Saatcioglu, M. ( 1994). “Behavior of unreinforced masonry structures during the 1992 Erzincan, Turkey, earthquake.” Proc., 5th U.S. Nat. Conf. on Earthquake Engrg., Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Oakland, Calif., 409–418.
6.
Cohen, E., and Laing, E. (1956). “Discussion of `Arching action theory of masonry walls,' by E. L. McDowell, K. E. McKee, and E. Sevin.”J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 82(5), 1067-28–1067-40.
7.
Dawe, J. L., and Seah, C. K. ( 1989b). “Out-of-plane resistance of concrete masonry infilled panels.” Can. J. Civ. Engrg., Ottawa, 16, 854–864.
8.
Dawe, J. L., and Seah, C. K. ( 1989a). “Behavior of masonry infilled steel frames.” Can. J. Civ. Engrg., Ottawa, 16, 865–876.
9.
Flanagan, R. D. ( 1994). “Behavior of structural clay tile infilled frames,” PhD dissertation, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tenn.
10.
Fowler, J. J. ( 1994). “Analysis of dynamic testing performed on structural clay tile infilled frames,” MS thesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tenn.
11.
Fricke, K. E., Jones, W. D., and Huff, T. E. ( 1992). “In situ lateral load testing of an unreinforced masonry hollow clay tile wall.” 6th Can. Masonry Symp., University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask., Canada, 519–530.
12.
Gabrielson, B. L., and Kaplan, K. ( 1977). “Arching in masonry walls subjected to out-of-plane forces.” Earthquake Resistant Masonry Constr., NBS Build. Sci. Ser. 106, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C., 283–313.
13.
Henderson, R. C., Jones, W. D., and Porter, M. L. ( 1993). “Factors affecting the ductility of double-wythe masonry infills subjected to seismic drift.” 6th North Am. Masonry Conf., Masonry Society, Boulder, Colo., 223–234.
14.
Hendry, A. W., and Liauw, T. C. ( 1994). “Tests on steel frames with reinforced masonry infilling.” Proc., 3rd Int. Masonry Conf., Masonry (6), British Masonry Society, London, 108–114.
15.
Hill, J. A. ( 1994). “Out-of-plane response of unreinforced masonry infill frame panels.” Proc., NCEER Workshop on Seismic Response of Masonry Infills, Nat. Ctr. for Earthquake Engrg. Res., State University of New York at Buffalo, N.Y.
16.
Johnson, F. B., and Matthys, J. H. (1973). “Structural strength of hollow clay tile assemblages.”J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 99(2), 259–275.
17.
Klingner, R. E., Rubiano, N. R., Bashandy, T. R., and Sweeney, S. C. ( 1996). “Evaluation and analytical verification of shaking table data from infilled frames part 2: Out of plane behavior.” Proc., 7th North Am. Masonry Conf., Masonry Society, Boulder, Colo., 521–532.
18.
Lawrence, S. J. ( 1979). “Lateral loading of masonry infill panels: A literature review.” Tech. Rec. 454, Experimental Building Station, Sydney, Australia.
19.
Mander, J. B., Aycardi, L. E., and Kim, D.-K. ( 1994). “Physical and analytical modeling of brick infilled steel frames.” Proc., NCEER Workshop on Seismic Response of Masonry Infills, Nat. Ctr. for Earthquake Engrg. Res., State University of New York at Buffalo, N.Y.
20.
McDowell E. L., McKee, K. E., and Sevin, E. (1956). “Arching action theory of masonry walls.”J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 82(2), 915-1–915-18.
21.
“NEHRP guidelines for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings.” (1997). Fed. Emergency Mgmt. Agency 273, Washington, D.C.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
History
Received: Feb 19, 1997
Published online: Mar 1, 1999
Published in print: Mar 1999
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.