TECHNICAL PAPERS
Mar 1, 1997

Fatigue Reliability Reassessment Applications: State-of-the-Art Paper

Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 123, Issue 3

Abstract

The problem of assessing the damage to and remaining life of structures subjected to fatigue is explored, with particular emphasis on railroad bridges, highway bridges, and offshore structures. In railroad structures, the fatigue reliability estimates are typically calculated based on fatigue life predictions. The resulting predictions are used for budgeting purposes rather than for scheduling repairs. Examples are given of economic decision based on fatigue life calculations. Fatigue reliability estimates for highway bridges are also typically based on fatigue life calculations. Target reliability values have been suggested and are used in both the design of new bridges and the evaluation of existing bridges. Given the economics of offshore structures, it is feasible to develop more elaborate fracture mechanics models. These models have the advantage of explicitly allowing updated estimates of fatigue reliability based on inspection results. The economics of inspection of offshore structures also dictates that inspection scheduling be based on fatigue realiability estimates.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

References

1.
Albrecht, P. (1982a). “Fatigue reliability analysis of highway bridges.”Rep., Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Univ. of Maryland, College Park, Md.
2.
Albrecht, P. (1982b). “Predicting the fatigue life of unpainted steel structures.”Proc., IABSE Colloquium Lausanne 1982, Fatigue of Steel and Concrete Structures, Int. Assn. for Bridge and Struct. Engrg. (IABSE), Zurich, Switzerland, 337–344.
3.
Albrecht, P. (1983). “S-N fatigue reliability analysis of highway bridges.”Probabilistic fracture mechanics and fatigue methods: applications for structural design and maintenance, ASTM STP 798, J. M. Bloom and J. C. Ekvall, eds., ASTM, West Conshohocken, Pa., 184–204.
4.
Albrecht, P. (1986). “Review of fatigue design methods for highway bridges.”Rep., Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Univ. of Maryland, College Park, Md.
5.
Albrecht, P., and Duerling, K. (1979). Probabilistic fatigue design of bridges for truck loading. Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Univ. of Maryland, College Park, Md.
6.
Albrecht, P., and Yamada, K. (1979). “Simulation of service fatigue loads for short-span highway bridges.”STP671, ASTM, West Conshohocken, Pa.
7.
Albrecht, P., Sahli, A., and Vannoy, D. W. (1982). “Fatigue strength of retrofitted cover plate ends.”Rep. No. FHWA/MD-82/02, Nat. Tech. Information Service, Springfield, Va.
8.
Ali, A. M., Buyukozturk, O., and Martland, C. D. (1992). “A computer based approach to fatigue life prediction of steel railway bridges.”Res. Rep. R92-26, Massachusetts Inst. of Technol. (MIT), Cambridge, Mass.
9.
Almar-Næss, A. (ed.) (1985). Fatigue handbook. TAPIR, Norwegian Inst. of Technol., Trondheim, Norway.
10.
American Petroleum Institute (API). (1993). Recommended practice for planning, designing and constructing fixed offshore platforms—working stress design, API RP 2A-WSD, 20th Ed., Washington, D.C.
11.
American Railway Engineering Association (AREA). (1940). “Progress in design of steel bridge details.”Rep. of Comm. 15 Iron and Steel Struct., Proc., Vol. 41, Washington, D.C., 412–444.
12.
American Railway Engineering Association (AREA). (1993). “Steel structures.”Manual for railway engineering, Washington, D.C.
13.
Ang, A. H.-S., and Munse, W. H. (1975). “Practical reliability basis for structural fatigue.”Preprint No. 2494, Proc., Nat. Struct. Engrg. Conf., ASCE, New York, N.Y.
14.
Barnouin, B., et al. (1993). “Underwater inspection reliability trials for offshore structures.”Proc., 12th Int. Conf. on Offshore Mech. and Arctic Engrg., Am. Soc. of Mech. Engrs. (ASME), New York, N.Y.
15.
Bea, R. G., and Craig, M. J. K. (1993). “Developments in the assessment and requalification of offshore platforms.”Proc., Offshore Technol. Conf. OTC 7138. Bridge welding code ANSI/AASHTO/AWS D1.5-88 . (1988). Am. Welding Soc. (AWS), Miami, Fla.
16.
Brustle, K. E., and Prucz, Z. (1992). “Fatigue of steel bridges.”Proc., Am. Railway Engrg. Assn. 93(Bull. 736), 177–197.
17.
Byers, W. G.(1979). “Structural details and bridge performance.”J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 105(7), 1393–1404.
18.
Byers, W. G. (1988). “Bridge repairs—unexpected effects on reliability.”Probabilistic methods in civil engineering, P. D. Spanos, ed., ASCE, New York, N.Y., 305–308.
19.
Byers, W. G., Marley, M. J., Mohammadi, J., Nielsen, R. J., and Sarkani, S.(1997). “Fatigue reliability reassessment procedures: a state-of-the-art paper.”J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 123(3), 271–276.
20.
Cicci, F., and Csagoly, P. F. (1982). “Assessment of the fatigue life of a steel girder bridge.”Transp. Res. Rec. 507, Transp. Res. Board, Washington, D.C.
21.
Cudney, G. R.(1968). “Stress histories of highway bridges.”J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 94(12), 2725–2737.
22.
Deen, R. C., and Havens, J. H. (1974). “Fatigue analysis from strain gage data and probability analysis.”Res. Rep. 411, Kentucky Dept. of Transp., Lexington, Ky.
23.
Dunn, P. (1983). “Offshore platform inspection.”The Role of Design-Inspection-Redundancy in Marine Struct. Reliability Proc., Int. Symp. of Nat. Acad. Press, Washington, D.C.
24.
Dvorak, I. J., and Zimmer, D. C. (1982). “Fatigue examination of existing steel highway bridges.”Proc., IABSE Colloquium Lausanne 1982, Int. Assn. for Bridge and Struct. Engrg. (IABSE), Zurich, Switzerland, 503–510.
25.
Fisher, J. W. (1977). Bridge fatigue guide—design and details. Am. Inst. of Steel Constr., New York, N.Y.
26.
Fisher, J. W. (1984). Fatigue and fracture in steel bridges. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y.
27.
Fisher, J. W., Yen, B. T., and Wang, D.(1990). “Fatigue strength of riveted bridge members.”J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 116(11), 2986–2981.
28.
Gasparini, D. A., and Fields, M.(1993). “Collapse of Ashtabula Bridge on December 29, 1876.”J. Perf. of Constr. Fac., ASCE, 7(2), 109–125.
29.
Grundy, P., and Chitty, G. B. (1990). “Remaining life of a suite of railway bridges.”Proc., IABSE Workshop Lausanne 1990—Remaining Life of Steel Struct., Int. Assn. for Bridge and Struct. Engrg. (IABSE), Zurich, Switzerland, 45–56.
30.
Hahin, C., South, J. M., Mohammadi, J., and Polepeddi, R. K.(1993). “Accurate and rapid determination of fatigue damage in steel bridges.”J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 119(1), 150–168.
31.
Hennegan, N., Abadie, W., and Winkworth, W. (1993). “Inspections, surveys, and data management.”Proc., Int. Workshop on Reassessment and Requalification of Offshore Production Struct., W. A. Dunlap and C. W. Ibbs, eds., Minerals Mgmt. Service, U.S. Dept. of Interior, Washington, D.C.
32.
Hirt, M. (1982). “Remaining fatigue life of bridges.”Proc., IABSE Symp. on Maintenance, Repair and Rehabilitation of Bridges, Int. Assn. for Bridge and Struct. Engrg. (IABSE), Zurich, Switzerland.
33.
Jahren, C. T., and Rooker, J. A. (1992). “Fatigue life study for a railroad bridge.”Transp. Res. Rec. 1371, Transp. Res. Board, Washington, D.C., 65–74.
34.
Kirkemo, F. (1988). “Applications of probabilistic fracture mechanics to offshore structures.”Appl. Mech. Rev., 41(2).
35.
Lotsberg, I., and Marley, M. J. (1992). “Inservice inspection planning for steel offshore structures using reliability methods.”Proc., 6th Int. Conf. on Behavior of Offshore Struct., BOSS'92.
36.
Luyties, W. H. (1993). “An update on allowable fatigue stresses in API RP2A.”Proc., Offshore Tech. Conf., OTC 7154, Offshore Technol. Conf., Houston, Tex.
37.
Madsen, H. O. (1987). “Model updating in reliability theory.”Proc., ICASP5, 5th Int. Conf. on Applications of Statistics and Probability in Soil and Struct. Engrg., Inst. for Risk Res., Univ. of Waterloo, Ont., Canada. Manual for maintenance inspection of bridges . (1983). Am. Assn. of State Hwy. and Transp. Officials (AASHTO), Washington, D.C.
38.
Marek, P. (1982). “Prediction of fatigue life in a steel bridge.”Proc., IABSE Colloquium Lausanne 1982, Fatigue of Steel and Concrete Struct., Int. Assn. for Bridge and Struct. Engrg. (IABSE), Zurich, Switzerland, 511–515.
39.
Marley, M. J., and Moan, T. (1993). “Approximate time variant analysis for fatigue.”Proc., ICOSSAR '93, 6th Int. Conf. on Struct. Safety and Reliability, A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
40.
Marshall, P. W. (1992a). Design of welded tubular connections. Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc., New York, N.Y.
41.
Marshall, P. W. (1992b). “Screening old offshore platforms: previous approaches and further thoughts.”Proc., Civ. Engr. in the Oceans V, ASCE, New York, N.Y.
42.
Moan, T. (1981). “Analysis of the fatigue failure of the Alexander Kielland.”Proc., ASME Winter Annu. Meeting, Am. Soc. of Mech. Engrs. (ASME), New York, N.Y.
43.
Moan, T. (1993). “Reliability and risk analysis for design and operations planning of offshore structures.”Proc., ICOSSAR '93, 6th Int. Conf. on Struct. Safety and Reliability, A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
44.
Mohammadi, J., and Shah, N.(1992). “Statistical evaluation of truck overloads.”J. Transp. Engrg., ASCE, 118(5), 651–655.
45.
Mohammadi, J., Guralnick, S. A., and Polepeddi, R. (1991). “Effect of increased truck weight upon Illinois highway bridges.”Rep. No. FHWA/IL/RC-013, Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Illinois Inst. of Technol., Chicago, Ill.
46.
Moses, F., and Garson, R. C. (1973). “Probability theory for highway bridge fatigue stresses.”Rep. Prepared for Ohio Dept. of Transp., Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, Ohio.
47.
Moses, F., and Verma, D. (1987). “Load capacity evaluation of existing bridges.”Nat. Cooperative Hwy. Res. Program, Rep. No. 301, Transp. Res. Board, Nat. Res. Council, Washington, D.C.
48.
Moses, F., Schilling, C. G., and Raju, K. S. (1987). “Fatigue evaluation procedures for steel bridges.”Nat. Cooperative Hwy. Res. Program, Rep. No. 299, Transp. Res. Board, Nat. Res. Council, Washington, D.C.
49.
Munse, W. H. (1990). “Fatigue, brittle fracture and lamellar tearing.”Structural engineering handbook, 3rd Ed., E. H. Gaylord Jr. and C. N. Gaylor, eds., McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., 4-1–4-24.
50.
Pedersen, C., Nielsen, J. A., Riber, J. P., Madsen, H. O., and Krenk, S. (1992). “Reliability based inspection planning for the Tyra field.”Proc., 11th Int. Conf. on Offshore Mech. and Arctic Engrg., Am. Soc. of Mech. Engrs. (ASME), New York, N.Y.
51.
Raju, S. K., Moses, F., and Schilling, C. G.(1990). “Reliability calibration of fatigue evaluation and design procedures.”J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 116(5), 1356–1369.
52.
Shi, Y., Yang, Y., and Chen, Z. (1982). “Fatigue failures of steel railway bridges in China.”Proc., IABSE Colloquium Lausanne 1982, Fatigue of Steel and Concrete Struct., Int. Assn. for Bridge and Struct. Engrg. (IABSE), Zurich, Switzerland, 517–524.
53.
Skjong, R. (1995). “Applications in offshore structures.”Probabilistic structural mechanics handbook, C. Sundararajan, ed., Chapman & Hall, Ltd., New York, N.Y.
54.
Snyder, R. E., Linkins, G. E., and Moses, F. (1985). “Loading spectrum experienced by bridge structures in the United States.”Rep. No. FHWA/RD-85/102, Bridge Weighing Systems, Inc., Warrensville, Ohio. Standard specifications for highway bridges, 14th Ed . (1989). Am. Assn. of State Hwy. and Transp. Officials (AASHTO), Washington, D.C. Standard specifications for highway bridges, 15th Ed. (1992). Am. Assn. of State Hwy. and Transp. Officials (AASHTO), Washington, D.C.
55.
Sweeney, R. A. P. (1979). “Importance of bridge redundancy in bridge fracture control.”Transp. Res. Rec. 711, Transp. Res. Board, Washington, D.C., 23–30.
56.
Sweeney, R. A. P. (1990). “Update on fatigue issues at Canadian national railways.”Proc., IABSE Workshop Lausanne 1990—Remaining Fatigue Life of Steel Struct., Int. Assn. for Bridge and Struct. Engrg. (IABSE), Zurich, Switzerland, 111–116.
57.
Tarricone, P.(1990). “Bridges under surveillance.”Civ. Engrg., ASCE, 60(5), 48–51.
58.
Tebbett, I. E. (1988). “Damage and repair trends in fixed steel offshore structures.”Proc., Conf. on Weld Failures, Welding Inst., London, England.
59.
Transportation Research Board (TRB). (1989). “Providing access for large trucks.”Spec. Rep. 223, Nat. Res. Council, Washington, D.C.
60.
Tung, C. C.(1970). “Fatigue life of multilane highway bridges.”J. Engrg. Mech. Div., ASCE, 95(6), 1417–1428.
61.
Tung, C. C., and Kusmez, K. M. (1975). “Statistical evaluation of AASHTO fatigue specifications.”Rep. No. FHWA-RD78-S0732, School of Engrg., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, N.C.
62.
“Uninspected self-elevating mobile drilling unit Ranger I: Collapse and sinking in the Gulf of Mexico on 10 May 1979 with loss of life.” (1981). United States Coast Guard Marine Casualty Rep. No. USCG 16732/93621, U.S. Coast Guard Ofc. of Investigation and Anal., Washington, D.C.
63.
Walker, W. H. (1978). “An interim report on studies of stress histories in highway bridges, Volumes I and II.”Struct. Res. Ser. No. 448, Rep. No. UIUC-ENG-78-2009, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, Ill.
64.
Walker, W. H. (1980). “Stress history studies and the fatigue life expectancy of highway bridges.”Struct. Res. Ser. No. 476, Rep. No. UIUC-Eng-80-2005, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, Ill.
65.
Winkworth, W. J., and Fisher, P. J. (1992). “Inspection and repair of fixed platforms in the North Sea.”Proc., Offshore Technol. Conf., OTC 6937, Offshore Technol Conf., Houston, Tex.
66.
Wirsching, P. H.(1988). “Probability-based fatigue design for marine structures.”Marine Struct., 1(1), 23–45.
67.
Wirsching, P. H. (1995). “Probabilistic fatigue analysis.”Probabilistic structural mechanics handbook, C. Sundararajan, ed., Chapman & Hall, Ltd., New York, N.Y.
68.
Wirsching, P. H., and Yao, J. T. P. (1970). “Statistical methods in structural fatigue.”J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 96(6).
69.
Wirsching, P. H., Ortiz, K., and Chen, Y. K. (1987). “Fracture mechanics fatigue model in a reliability format.”Proc., 6th Int. Conf. on Offshore Mech. and Arctic Engrg., Am. Soc. of Mech. Engrs. (ASME), New York, N.Y.
70.
Woodward, H. T., and Fisher, J. W. (1974). “Predictions of fatigue failures in steel bridges.”Fritz Engrg. Lab., Rep. No. 386-12, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, Pa.
71.
Wyly, L. T., and Scott, M. B. (1956). “An investigation of fatigue failures in structural members of ore bridges under service loadings.”Proc., Am. Railway Engrg. Assn., Vol. 57, Am. Railway Engrg. Assn., Chicago, Ill., 175–297.
72.
Yamada, K., and Hirt, M. A. (1982). “Fatigue life estimation using fracturer mechanics.”Proc., IABSE Colloquium Lausanne 1982, Fatigue of Steel and Concrete Struct., Int. Assn. for Bridge and Struct. Engrg. (IABSE), Zurich, Switzerland.
73.
Yang, Y. N. (1993). “Application of reliability methods to fatigue, quality assurance and maintenance.”Proc., ICOSSAR '93, 6th Int. Conf. on Struct. Safety and Reliability, A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
74.
Yao, J. T. P.(1974). “Fatigue reliability and design.”J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 100(9), 1827–1836.
75.
Yao, J. T. P. (1980). “Reliability considerations for fatigue analysis and design of structures.”Rep. No. NSF/RA-800206, School of Civ. Engrg., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, Ind.
76.
Yen, B. T., Huang, T., Lai, L. Y., and Fisher, J. W. (1990). Manual for inspecting bridge for fatigue damage conditions. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Dept. of Transp., Ofc. of Res. and Spec. Studies, Hamsburg, Pa.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Structural Engineering
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 123Issue 3March 1997
Pages: 277 - 285

History

Published online: Mar 1, 1997
Published in print: Mar 1997

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

William G. Byers, Fellow, ASCE,
Dir., Structures Construction, A. T. & S. F. Railway, 4515 Kansas Ave., Kansas City, KS 66106.
Mark J. Marley, Member, ASCE,
Prin. Engr., Offshore Design, A.S., Billingstadletta 18, N-1361 Billingstad, Norway.
Jamshid Mohammadi, Member, ASCE,
Prof., Dept. of Civ. and Arch. Engrg., Illinois Inst. of Technol., Chicago, IL 60616.
Richard J. Nielsen, Member, ASCE,
Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Univ. of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-1022.
Shahram Sarkani, Member, ASCE
Prof., Dept. of Civ. and Envir. Engrg., The George Washington Univ., Washington, DC 20052.

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share