Inelastic Vibration Phase Theory for Seismic Pounding Mitigation
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 122, Issue 10
Abstract
Pounding between closely spaced structures can be a serious hazard in seismically active metropolitan areas. One of the key issues is estimating the required separation distance to avoid or reduce pounding of adjacent structures that vibrate either elastically or inelastically. Series of dynamic time history analyses can estimate this distance by obtaining the maximum relative distance of the adjacent structures. However, this paper proposes an alternative and more attractive method, called the “spectral difference (SPD) method,” based on a spectrum approach. The method accounts for phasing associated with vibration of adjacent structures, defined as “vibration phase.” The paper also proposes simplified rules to predict the inelastic vibration phase, and demonstrates the accuracy of the SPD method for a variety of adjacent building pairs and earthquakes. Unlike the time history analysis method, the SPD method clarifies the effects of various parameters on the relative displacement through a closed-form solution. The SPD method is also useful for various relative displacement problems between adjacent structures, such as bridges. It is more accurate than the current code calculation method that ignores the vibration phase.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Bertero, V. V. (1986). “Observation of structural pounding.”Proc., Int. Conf.: The Mexico Earthquake—1985, ASCE, New York, N.Y., 264–278.
2.
Clough, R. W., and Penzien, J. (1993). Dynamics of structures, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York, N.Y.
3.
Der Kiureghian, A. (1980). “A response spectrum method for random vibrations.”EERC Rep. No. UCB/EERC-80/15, Earthquake Engrg. Res. Ctr., Univ. of California, Berkeley, Calif.
4.
Gulkan, P., and Sozen, M. A. (1974). “Inelastic response of reinforced concrete structures to earthquakes.”ACI J., Title No. 71-41, 12, 604–610.
5.
Iwan, W. D.(1980). “Estimating inelastic response spectra from elastic spectra.”Earthquake Engrg. and Struct. Dyn., 8, 375–388.
6.
Jeng, V., and Kasai, K. (1996). “Spectral relative motion of two structures due to seismic travel waves.”J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 122(10).
7.
Jeng, V., Kasai, K., and Maison, B. F. (1992). “A spectral difference method to estimate building separations to avoid pounding.”Earthquake Spectra, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Oakland, Calif.
8.
Kasai, K., and Jagiasi, R. A.(1993). “Building separations to preclude seismic pounding.”Proc., '93 Struct. Congr., ASCE, New York, N.Y., 1, 199–204.
9.
Kasai, K., Jeng, V., and Maison, B. F. (1990b). “The significant effects of pounding induced accelerations on building appurtenances.”Proc., Seismic Des. and Perf. of Equipment and Nonstruct. Components in Build. and Industrial Struct., Appl. Technol. Council Seminar, ATC-29, Redwood City, Calif., 12.1–12.12.
10.
Kasai, K., and Maison, B. F. (1990). “Chapter 6: structural pounding damage.”Loma Prieta Earthquake Reconnaissance Report. Structural Engineers Association of California (SEAOC), Sacramento, Calif.
11.
Kasai, K., and Maison, B. F. (1996). “Building pounding damage during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake.”Engineering Structures, Elsevier Science Ltd., Oxford, England.
12.
Kasai, K., Maison, B. F., Jeng, V., Patel, P. C., and Munshi, J. A. (1992). “Seismic pounding effects—survey and analysis.”Proc., 10th World Conf. on Earthquake Engrg. (10WCEE), A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 3893–3898.
13.
Kasai, K., Maison, B. F., and Patel, D. J. (1990a). “An earthquake analysis for buildings subjected to a type of pounding.”Proc., 4th U.S. Nat. Conf. on Earthquake Engrg., Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Oakland, Calif., 289–298.
14.
Kasai, K., and Patel, D. (1991). “A proposed method of evaluating response for a type of collision between buildings.”Civ. Engrg. Rep. IIT-CE-91-02, Illinois Inst. of Technol., Chicago, Ill.
15.
Kuan, S. Y. W., and Nathan, N. D. (1991). “Strength and ductility demand in relation to velocity spectrum.”Proc., 6th Can. Conf. on Earthquake Engrg., University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Canada, 61–67.
16.
Mahin, S. A., and Lin, J. (1983). “Construction of inelastic response spectra for single degree of freedom systems.”EERC Rep. No. 83-17, Univ. of California, Berkeley, Calif.
17.
Maison, B. F., and Kasai, K.(1990). “Analysis for type of structural pounding.”J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 116(4), 957–977.
18.
Maison, B. F., and Kasai, K.(1992). “Dynamics of pounding when two buildings collide.”Earthquake Engrg. and Struct. Dyn., 21, 771–784.
19.
Nassar, A., and Krawinkler, H. (1991). “Seismic demands for SDOF and MDOF systems.”John A. Blume Earthquake Engineering Center Rep. No. 95, Stanford Univ., Stanford, Calif.
20.
Recommended lateral force requirements and commentary. (1990). Structural Engineers Association of California, (SEAOC), Sacramento, Calif.
21.
“Recommended provisions for development of seismic regulations of new buildings.” (1991). National earthquake hazards reduction program code (NEHRP). Buildings Seismic Safety Council, Washington, D.C.
22.
“Research needs.” (1991). Research bulletin board. Structural Engineers Association of Northern California (SEAONC) Res. Com., San Francisco, Calif.
23.
Rosenblueth, E., and Elorduy, J. (1969). “Responses of linear systems to certain transient disturbances.”Proc., 4th World Conf. of Earthquake Engrg., 1(A-1), Asociacion Chilena De Sismolgia E Ingenieria Antisismica, Santiago, Chile, 185–196.
24.
Rosenblueth, E., and Meli, R.(1986). “The 1985 earthquake: causes and effects in Mexico City.”Concrete Int., 8(5), 23–34.
25.
“Uniform building code.” (1988). Int. Conf. of Build. Officials, Whittier, Calif.
26.
Yamanouchi, H., and Yomo, T. (1990). “Significant phase characteristics of earthquake ground motions potential to structural damage.”Proc., 4th U.S. Conf. on Earthquake Engrg.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 1996 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Oct 1, 1996
Published in print: Oct 1996
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.