Nonlinear FE Analyses of RC Skewed Slab Bridges
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 121, Issue 9
Abstract
Development of a program (NARCOS) for the nonlinear finite-element analysis of RC skewed slab bridges is outlined. The program is based on a layering formulation in which the cross section is divided into steel and concrete layers, with nonlinear material properties. Concrete layers are simulated with four-node plane stress and Mindlin plate elements; steel layers are modeled with plane stress elements. Transverse shear deformations are considered. Interlayer compatibility is satisfied by constraining in-plane displacements along common interfaces to be the same for adjacent layers. An efficient algorithm is used for assembly of the stiffness matrix and solution of the equilibrium equations. Comparison with experimental and other analytical results indicates the efficiency of procedures embodied in the program. The program is used to analyze different models of skewed slab bridges in order to assess the relative merits of two different methods of designing such bridges. Bridges designed with increased reinforcement at the obtuse corner have a higher crack-initiation load and a higher ultimate strength than bridges designed with uniform reinforcement in the slab.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Barzegar, F., and Schnobrich, W. C. (1986). “Nonlinear finite element analysis of RC under short term monotonic loading.”SRS 530, Civ. Eng. Studies, University of Illinois, Urbana, Ill.
2.
Bashur, F. K., and Darwin, D. (1977). “Nonlinear finite element analysis of reinforced concrete slabs.”Proc., Symp. on Application of Comp. Methods in Engrg., Los Angeles, Calif., Vol. 11, 1065–1074.
3.
Bathe, K. J., and Wilson, E. L. (1976). Numerical methods in finite element analysis . Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
4.
Bažant, Z. P., and Oh, B. H.(1983). “Crack band theory for fracture of concrete.”Mat. and Struct., 16(94), 155–177.
5.
Belytschko, T., and Tsay, C. S.(1983). “A stabilization procedure for the quadrilateral plate element with one-point quadrature.”Int. J. Numer. Methods Engrg., 19, 405–419.
6.
Belytschko, T., Tsay, C. S., and Liu, W. K.(1981). “A stabilization matrix for the bilinear Mindlin plate element.”Comp. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., 29, 313–327.
7.
Cardenas, A., and Sozen, M. A. (1968). “Strength and behavior of isotropically and nonisotropically reinforce concrete slabs subjected to combinations of flexural and torsional moments.”Civ. Engrg. Studies, Struct. Res. series No. 336, University of Illinois, Urbana, Ill.
8.
Cook, R. D., Malkus, D. S., and Plesha, M. E. (1988). Concepts and applications of finite element analysis . John Wiley and Sons, New York, N.Y.
9.
Cope, R. J., Rao, P. V., Clark, L. A., and Norris, P. (1980). “Modeling of R.C. behavior for finite element analysis of bridge slabs.”Numerical methods for nonlinear problems, Pineridge Press, Swansea, England, Vol. 1, 457–470.
10.
Cope, R. J., Rao, P. V., and Edwards, K. R. (1983). “Shear in skew reinforced concrete slab bridges.”Rep., Dept. of Civ. Engrg., University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K.
11.
Dagher, H., Elgaaly, M., and Kankam, J. A. (1991a). “Analytical investigation of slab bridges with integral slab abutments.”Transp. Res. Record, No. 1319, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 115–125.
12.
Dagher, H., Elgaaly, M., Kankam, J. A., and Comstock, L. (1991b). “Skewed slab bridges with integral slab abutments, Vols. I to VI.”Res. Rep. prepared for Maine DOT, Dept. of Civ. Engrg., University of Maine, Orono, Me.
13.
de Borst, R., and Nauta, P. (1985). “Non-orthogonal cracks in a smeared finite element model.”Engrg. Comp., 2(March), 35–46.
14.
Donea, J., and Lamain, L. G.(1987). “A modified representation of transverse shear in C° quadrilateral plate elements.”Comp. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., 63, 183–207.
15.
Gilbert, R. I., and Warner, R. F.(1978). “Tension stiffening in R.C. slabs.”J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 104(12), 1885–1900.
16.
Hand, F. R., Pecknold, D. A., and Schnobrich, W. C.(1973). “Nonlinear layered analysis of reinforced concrete plates and shells.”J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 99(7), 1491–1505.
17.
Kankam, J. A. (1993). “Behavior and design of reinforced concrete skewed slab bridges with integral wall abutments,” PhD thesis, University of Maine, Orono, Maine.
18.
Kupfer, H., Hilsdorf, H. K., and Rusch, H.(1969). “Behavior of concrete under biaxial stresses.”J. ACI, 66(8), 656–666.
19.
Maekawa, K., and Okamura, H. (1983). “The deformational behavior and constitutive equation of concrete using the elastoplastic and fracture model.”J. Fac. of Engrg., University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan XXXVII(2), 253–328.
20.
Mawenya, A. S., and Davies, J. D.(1974). “Finite element bending analysis of multilayer plates.”Int. J. Numer Methods Engrg., 8, 215–225.
21.
McNeice, G. M. (1967). “Elastic-plastic bending of plates and slabs by the finite element method,” PhD thesis, University of London, London, England.
22.
Melhorn, G. (1981). “A calculation of R.C. beams under bending and torsion using three-dimensional finite elements.”Final Rep., IABSE Colloquium on Adv. Mech. of R.C., International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), Lisbon, Portugal, 591–609.
23.
Mindlin, R. D. (1951). “Influence of rotary inertia and shear on flexural motions of isotropic, elastic plates.”J. Appl. Mech., March, 31–38.
24.
Ottosen, N. S.(1979). “Constitutive model for short-time loading of concrete.”J. Engrg. Mech. Div., ASCE, 105(1), 127–141.
25.
Ottosen, N. S. (1981). “Constitutive models of concrete versus recent experimental data.”Rep. No. 72, Riso National Lab., Roskilde, Denmark, June.
26.
Ottosen, N. S. (1982). “Further documentation of a constitutive model for concrete.”Rep. No. 112, Riso National Lab., Roskilde, Denmark, Oct.
27.
Rots, J. G., Nauta, P., Kusters, G. M. A., and Blaauwendraad, J.(1985). “Smeared crack approach and fracture localization in concrete.” Heron, Netherlands, 30(1), 1–48.
28.
Scanlon, A. (1971). “Time dependent deflections of reinforced concrete slabs,” PhD thesis, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 1995 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Sep 1, 1995
Published in print: Sep 1995
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.