Nonlinear Finite‐Element Model of Complete Light‐Frame Wood Structures
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 120, Issue 1
Abstract
A light‐frame wood structure is an assemblage of several components such as walls, floors, and roof, joined by intercomponent connections such as nails or metal plates. Behavior of a full structure reflects the interactive behavior of the individual components and connections. Whereas individual substructures have been investigated both experimentally and analytically, individual substructures and components of a light‐frame wood building have never been incorporated into a full‐structure model. This research provides an analytical method to investigate the behavior of light‐frame wood structures loaded by static loads. Special attention is given to load sharing among wall components. A one‐story wood‐frame building was tested under cyclic quasistatic loads. Results of the experiment were used to verify a nonlinear finite‐element model of the full building. The full‐structure model was an assemblage of superelements, representing floor and roof, and quasisuperelements, representing walls and intercomponent connections. The special quasisuperelements were energetically equivalent to the detailed three‐dimensional finite‐element models developed to represent the walls and intercomponent connections. Boundary conditions and loads used in the experiment were applied to the model, and deformations and reaction forces were compared. Experimental and analytical results agreed closely.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Boughton, G. N. (1988). “Full scale structural testing of houses under cyclonic wind loads.” Proc., 1988 Int. Conf. on Timber Engrg., Vol. 2, Forest Products Research Society, Madison, Wis., 82–88.
2.
Breyer, D. E. (1988). Design of wood structures. McGraw‐Hill, New York, N.Y.
3.
Chou, C. (1987). “Modeling of nonlinear stiffness and nonviscous damping in nailed joints between wood and plywood,” PhD thesis, Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, Ore.
4.
Groom, K. M. (1992). “Nonlinear finite‐element modeling of intercomponent connections in light‐frame wood structures,” MS thesis, Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, Ore.
5.
Groom, K. M., and Leichti, R. J. (1991). “Finite‐element model of a nonlinear intercomponent connection in light‐framed structures.” Proc., 1991 Int. Timber Engrg. Conf. Vol. 4, Timber Research and Development Assoc., High Wycombe, England, 346–353.
6.
Gupta, A. K., and Kuo, P. H. (1987). “Wood‐framed shear walls with uplifting.” J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 113(2), 241–259.
7.
Kasal, B. (1992). “A nonlinear three‐dimensional finite‐element model of a light‐frame wood structure,” PhD thesis, Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, Ore.
8.
Kasal, B., and Leichti, R. J. (1992a). “Nonlinear finite‐element model for wood‐frame stud walls.” J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 118(11), 3122–3135.
9.
Kasal, B., and Leichti, R. J. (1992b). Incorporating load sharing in shear wall design of light‐frame structures. J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 118(12), 3350–3361.
10.
Kataoka, Y. (1989). “Application of supercomputers to nonlinear analysis of wooden frame structures stiffened by shear diaphragms.” Proc. 2nd Pacific Timber Engrg. Conf., Vol. 2, Univ. of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, 107–112.
11.
Kohnke, P. C. (1989). ANSYS engineering analysis system theoretical manual. Swanson Analysis Systems, Inc., Houghton, Pa.
12.
LaFave, K. D. (1990). “Experimental and analytical study of load sharing in wood truss roof systems,” MS thesis, Washington State Univ., Pullman, Wash.
13.
McCutcheon, W. J., Tuomi, R. L., Wolfe, R. W., and Gromala, D. S. (1979). “Toward improved structural design of housing components. housing: planning, financing, construction.” Proc., Int. Conf. on Housing Planning, Financing, Construction, Pergamon Press, New York, N.Y., 734–749.
14.
Moody, R. C., and Schmidt, R. J. (1988). “Lateral loading of wood frame houses—analysis and performance.” Proc., 1988 Int. Conf. on Timber Engrg., Vol. 2, Forest Products Research Society, Madison, Wis., 62–72.
15.
Ohashi, Y., and Sakamoto, I. (1988). “Effect of horizontal diaphragm on behavior of wooden dwellings subjected to lateral load—experimental study on a real size frame model.” Proc., 1988 Int. Conf. on Timber Engrg., Vol. 2, Forest Products Research Society, Madison, Wis., 112–120.
16.
Phillips, T. L. (1990). “Load sharing characteristics of three‐dimensional wood diaphragms,” MS thesis, Washington State Univ., Pullman, Wash.
17.
Phillips, T. L., Itani, R. Y., and McLean, D. I. (1993). “Lateral load sharing by diaphragms in wood‐framed buildings.” J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 119(5), 1556–1571.
18.
Polensek, A. (1975). “Finite‐element method for wood‐stud walls under bending and compression loads,” Res. Rep. F‐914, Dept. of Forest Products, Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, Ore.
19.
Reardon, G. F. (1989). “Effect of cladding on the response of houses to wind forces.” Proc., 2nd Pacific Timber Engrg. Conf. 1989, Vol. 2, Univ. of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
20.
“Standard test methods for mechanical fasteners in wood, D1761.” (1988). Annual book of ASTM standards. Section 4, Vol. 04.09, ASTM, Philadelphia, Pa., 294–305.
21.
Schmidt, R. J., and Moody, R. C. (1989). “Modeling laterally loaded light‐frame buildings.” J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 115(1), 201–217.
22.
Stasa, F. L. (1985). Applied finite element analysis for engineers. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York, N.Y.
23.
Stewart, A. H., Goodman, J. R., Kliewer, A., and Salsbury, E. M. (1988). “Full‐scale tests of manufactured houses under simulated wind loads.” Proc., 1988 Int. Conf. on Timber Engrg., Vol. 2. Forest Products Research Society, Madison, Wis., 97–111.
24.
Sugyiama, H., Andoh, N., Uchisako, T., Hirano, S., and Nakamura, N. (1988). “Full‐scale test on a Japanese type of two‐story wooden frame house subjected to lateral load.” Proc., 1988 Int. Conf. on Timber Engrg., Vol. 2. Forest Products Research Society, Madison, Wis., 55–61.
25.
Tsujino, T. (1985). “Bending analysis of nailed single stressed‐skin panel by finite‐element method.” Mokuzai Gakkaishi, 31(11), 896–902 (in Japanese).
26.
Tuomi, R. L. (1980). “Full‐scale testing of wood structures.” Full‐scale load testing of structures ASTM STP 702. ASTM, Philadelphia, Pa., 45–62.
27.
Tuomi, R. L., and McCutcheon, W. J. (1974). “Testing a full‐scale house under simulated snowloads and windloads.” USDA Forest Service Res. Pap. FPL 234, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wis.
28.
Uniform Building Code. (1988). International Conference of Building Officials, Whittier, Calif.
29.
Walker, G. R., Reardon, G. F., and Boughton, G. N. (1984). “Testing houses for cyclone resistance.” Proc. Northern Engrg Conf. Australia, Australia.
30.
Wheat, D. L., Vanderbilt, M. D., and Goodman, J. R. (1983). “Wood floors with nonlinear nail stiffness.” J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 109(5), 1290–1302.
31.
Wolfe, R. W., and McCarthy, M. (1989). “Structural performance of light‐frame roof assemblies. I. truss assemblies with high truss stiffness variability.” USDA Forest Service, Res. Pap. FPL‐RP‐492, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wis.
32.
Yasumura, M., Murota, T., Nishiyama, I., and Yamaguchi, N. (1988). “Experiments on a three‐storied wooden frame building subjected to horizontal load.” Proc., 1988 Int. Conf. on Timber Engrg., Vol. 2. Forest Products Research Society, Madison, Wis., 262–275.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 120 • Issue 1 • January 1994
Pages: 100 - 119
Copyright
Copyright © 1994 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Nov 9, 1992
Published online: Jan 1, 1994
Published in print: Jan 1994
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.