TECHNICAL PAPERS
Oct 1, 1993

Prediction of Distributed Discrete Concrete Cracking in RC Analysis

Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 119, Issue 10

Abstract

The approach presented in this paper is considered a viable alternative for the prediction of distributed discrete concrete cracking. Cracks are confined to the edges of elements of the mesh. Different crack‐initiation criteria are used for concrete and concrete‐steel interfaces. A discontinuous linear relation between crack width and tensile stress is proposed. Link elements are installed to connect the faces of a crack. The tensile stress associated with the crack is integrated along crack faces to obtain equivalent nodal forces. These nodal forces are then used to evaluate the stiffness of the link elements. The procedure is automated for iterative analysis. Crack‐width control and fracture‐energy control are proposed as auxiliary solution constraints to deal with convergence problems. Identification and treatment of mechanisms is proposed to avoid mechanism singularities in the solution process. An example application demonstrates the capability of the approach to predict the pattern of progression of dominant cracks, the interface behavior, and the correlation between these and specimen behavior.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

References

1.
Bathe, K. J., and Dvorkin, E. N. (1983). “On the automatic solution of nonlinear finite element equations.” Comp. & Struct., 17(5–6), 871–879.
2.
Batoz, J. L., and Dhatt, G. (1979). “Incremental displacement algorithm for nonlinear problems.” Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engrg., 14(8), 1262–1267.
3.
Bazant, Z. P. (1985). Mechanics of fracture and progressive cracking in concrete structures, fracture mechanics of concrete: structure application and numerical culation. G. C. Sih and A. Ditommaso, eds., Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 25, 28.
4.
Bellini, P. X., and Chulya, A. (1987). “An improved automatic incremental algorithm for the efficient solution of nonlinear finite element equations.” Comp. & Struct., 26(1–2), 99–110.
5.
Broms, B. B. (1965). “Technique for investigation of internal cracks in reinforced concrete members.” ACI J., 62(1), 35–44.
6.
Broek, D. (1986). Elementary engineering fracture mechanics. 4th ed. (revised ed.), Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Boston, Mass., 18, 103.
7.
Cedolin, L., Darwin, D., Ingraffea, A. R., Pecknold, E. A., and Schnobrich, W. C. (1982). “Chapter 4: Concrete Cracking.” Finite element analysis of reinforced concrete, ASCE, New York, N.Y., 204.
8.
Crisfield, M. A. (1981). “A fast incremental/iterative solution procedure that handles snap‐through.” Comput. Struct., 13(1), 55–62.
9.
Gerstle, W., Ingraffea, A. R., and Gergely, P. (1982). “The fracture mechanics of bond in reinforced concrete.” Department of structural engineering report 82‐7, School of Civ. and Envir. Engrg., Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y., 144.
10.
Gopalaratnam, V. S., and Shah, S. P. (1985). “Softening response of plain concrete in direct tension.” J. Am. Concrete Inst., 82(3), 310–323.
11.
Goto, Y. (1971). “Cracks formed in concrete around deformed tension bars.” ACI J., 68(4), 244–251.
12.
Hillerborg, A. (1985). “Numerical method to simulate softening and fracture of concrete.” Fracture mechanics of concrete: structural application and numerical calculation, G. C. Sih and A. Ditommaso, eds., Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 144.
13.
Ingraffea, A. R., and Saouma, V. (1985). “Numerical modeling of discrete crack propagation in reinforced and plain concrete.” Fracture mechanics of concrete: structural application and numerical calculation, G. C. Sih and A. Ditommaso, eds., Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 171–225.
14.
Mirza, M. S., and Houde, J. (1979). “Study of bond stress‐slip relationships in reinforced concrete.” ACI J., 76(1), 19–46.
15.
Ngo, D., and Scordelis, A. C. (1967). “Finite element analysis of reinforced concrete beams.” J. Am. Concrete Inst., 64(14), 152–163.
16.
Ngo, D. (1975). “A network‐topological approach for the finite element analysis of progressive crack growth in concrete members,” PhD. dissertation, Univ. of California, Berkeley, Calif.
17.
Nilson, A. H. (1972). “Internal measurement of bond slip.” ACI J., 69(7), 439–441.
18.
Schweizerhof, K. H., and Wrigger, P. (1986). “Consistent linearization for path following methods in nonlinear FE analysis.” Comp. Methods in Appl. Mech. and Engrg., 59(1), 261–279.
19.
Watstein, P., and Mathey, R. G. (1959). “Width of cracks in concrete at the surface of reinforcing steel evaluated by means of tensile bond specimens.” ACI J., 56(1), 47–56.
20.
Yao, B., and Murray, D. W. (1992). “Finite element analysis of distributed discrete concrete cracking.” Structural rep. no. 179, Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Structural Engineering
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 119Issue 10October 1993
Pages: 2813 - 2834

History

Received: Sep 2, 1993
Published online: Oct 1, 1993
Published in print: Oct 1993

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Budan Yao
Res. Assoc., Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada T6G 2G7
D. W. Murray, Member, ASCE
Prof., Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, T6G 2G7

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share