Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Beam‐Columns under Uniaxial Excitation
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 114, Issue 4
Abstract
Finite‐element models of reinforced‐concrete beam‐columns often fail to behave in a stable manner near the point of maximum resistance. Simple numerical examples presented indicate that the conventional displacement formulation when used at the section or member level is unable to establish solutions associated with softening behavior. Thus, such analysis models are often limited in their applicability or necessitate the use of unrealistic material laws. A mixed finite‐element scheme is proposed herein that exhibits stable numerical behavior even when critical regions become ill‐conditioned. It is demonstrated that enforcing equilibrium within the member during state determination provides the necessary constraint to obtain a stable solution. Examples are presented to demonstrate the reliability and realism of this approach for members subjected to generalized excitations even where severe deformation softening occurs.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Aktan, A., Pecknold, D., and Sozen, M. A. (1973). “Effects of two dimensional earthquake motion on a reinforced concrete column.” Rep. No. UILU‐ENG 73‐2009, University of Illinois, Urbana, Ill.
2.
Anagnostopoulos, S. (1981). “Inelastic beams for seismic analysis of structures.” J. Struct. Engrg. Div., ASCE, 107(ST 7), 1297–1311.
3.
Arzoumanidis, S., and Meyer, C. (1981). “Modelling reinforced concrete beams subjected to cyclic loads.” Dept. of Civil Engineering Technical Report, Columbia University, New York, N.Y., Mar.
4.
Chen, P. (1982). “Generalized plastic hinge concepts for 3D beam column elements.” Rep. No. EERC 82‐20, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Berkeley, Calif.
5.
Clough, R., and Johnston, S. (1966). “Effect of stiffness degradation on earthquake ductility requirements.” Proc. Second Japan Earthquake Engrg. Symp., Tokyo, Japan, 227–232.
6.
Clough, R., and Penzien, J. (1975). Dynamics of structures. McGraw Hill, London, U.K.
7.
Ghusn, G. E., Jr., and Saiidi, M. (1986). “A hysteresis model for biaxial bending of reinforced concrete columns, II.” Proceedings of the IIIrd U.S. National Conference in Earthquake Engineering, Charleston, S.C., Aug., 1027–35.
8.
Golafshani, A., and Powell, G. H. (1974). “DRAIN‐2D2: a computer program for inelastic seismic response of structures,” thesis presented to the University of California, at Berkeley, Calif., in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
9.
Kaba, S., and Mahin, S. A. (1983). “Interactive computer analysis methods for predicting the inelastic cyclic behavior of structural sections.” Rep. No. EERC 83‐18, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Berkeley, Calif.
10.
Kaba, S., and Mahin, S. A. (1984). “Refined modeling of reinforced concrete columns for seismic analysis.” Rep. No. EERC 84‐03, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Berkeley, Calif.
11.
Kang, Y., and Scordelis, A. (1977). “Nonlinear geometric, material and time dependent analysis of reinforced and prestressed concrete frames.” Rep. UC‐SESM No. 77‐1, University of California, Berkeley, Calif.
12.
Kent, D. (1969). “Inelastic behavior of reinforced concrete members with cyclic loading,” thesis presented to the University of Canterbury, at Christchurch, New Zealand, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
13.
Lai, S., Will, G., and Otani, S. (1984). “Model for inelastic biaxial bending of concrete members.” J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 110(ST 11), 2563–2584.
14.
LePoer‐Darvall, P., and Mendis, P. (1985). “Elastic‐plastic‐softening analysis of plane frames.” J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 111(ST 4), 871–88.
15.
Ma, S., Bertero, V. V., and Popov, E. P. (1976). “Experimental and analytical studies of the hysteretic behavior of reinforced concrete rectangular and Tbeams.” Rep. No. EERC 76‐2, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Berkeley, Calif.
16.
Maekawa, K., Yamazaki, J., and Higai, T. (1985). “Numerical problems in non‐linear finite element analysis of the post‐failure behavior of structural systems.” Finite element analysis of reinforced concrete structures, H. Okamura and C. Meyer, eds., ASCE.
17.
Mahasurevachai, M. (1982). “Inelastic analysis of piping and tubular structures.” Rep. No. EERC 82‐27, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Berkeley, Calif.
18.
Mahin, S. A., and Bertero, V. V. (1975). “An evaluation of some methods for predicting the seismic response of reinforced concrete buildings.” Rep. No. EERC 75‐5, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Berkeley, Calif., 507–517.
19.
Mark, K., and Roesset, J. (1976). “Nonlinear dynamic response of reinforced concrete frames.” Rep. R76‐38, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass.
20.
Menegotto, M., and Pinto, P. (1977). “Slender RC compressed members in biaxial bending.” J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 103(ST 3), 587–605.
21.
Otani, S., and Sozen, M. A. (1972). “Behavior of multistorey reinforced concrete frames during earthquakes.” Rep. No. UILU‐ENG 72‐2018, University of Illinois, Urbana, Ill.
22.
Padilla‐Mora, R., and Schnobrich, W. (1974). “Non‐linear response of framed structures to two‐dimensional earthquake motion.” Rep. No. UILUENG 74‐2015, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, Ill.
23.
Saatcioglu, M., Derecho, A., and Corley, G. (1980). “Coupled walls in earthquake resistant buildings, modeling techniques and dynamic analysis.” National Science Foundation Report, Portland Cement Association, Skokie, Ill., Jun.
24.
Suharwardy, M., and Pecknold, D. (1978). “Inelastic response of reinforced concrete columns subjected to two‐dimensional earthquake response.” Rep. No. UILU‐ENG 78‐2022, University of Illinois, Urbana, Ill.
25.
Takayanagi, T., and Schnobrich, W. (1979). “Non linear analysis of coupled wall systems.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 7(1), 1–22.
26.
Takeda, T., Sozen, M. A., and Nielsen, N. (1970). “Reinforced concrete response to simulated earthquakes.” J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 96(ST 12), 2557–2573.
27.
Takizawa, H. (1976). “Notes on some basic problems in inelastic analysis of planar R/C structures.” Transactions of the Architectural Institute of Japan, 240, Part I in Feb., 51–62;
Part II in Mar., 65–77.
28.
Takizawa, H., and Aoyama, H. (1976). “Biaxial effects in modeling earthquake response of R/C structures.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 4(6), 523–552.
29.
Tseng, W., and Penzien, J. (1973). “Analytical investigations of the seismic response of long multiple span highway bridges.” Rep. No. EERC 73‐12, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Berkeley, Calif.
30.
Umemura, H., and Takizawa, H. (1982). “Dynamic response of reinforced concrete buildings.” Document 2, International Association of Bridge and Structural Engineering, Zürich, Switzerland.
31.
Zeris, C. (1986). Three dimensional nonlinear response of reinforced concrete buildings,” thesis presented to the University of California, at Berkeley, Calif., in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
32.
Zienkiewicz, O. C. (1979). The finite element method. McGraw Hill, London, U.K.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 114 • Issue 4 • April 1988
Pages: 804 - 820
Copyright
Copyright © 1988 ASCE.
History
Published online: Apr 1, 1988
Published in print: Apr 1988
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.