Length‐Thermal Stress Relations for Composite Bridges
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 111, Issue 4
Abstract
Computer‐assisted analysis was used to study the relation among uniform, linear, and nonlinear stress components thermally induced in a composite bridge section for hypothetical parameters of varying span lengths, number of spans, and support conditions, as well as for actual bridges. The results were verified by conventional methods of analysis. The following was concluded for prismatic (constant) sections: (1) For constant proportionality of span lengths, each of the three thermal stress components is independent of span length; (2) variation of the proportionality of span lengths affects only the linear stress component; (3) support reactions and deflections caused by thermal loading are length dependent, but the induced moments and stresses are independent of length; (4) as the number of spans increases, the (thermally induced) moment magnitudes tend to converge; (5) the magnitude of reactions, for constant proportionality of span lengths, varies inversely with span length; and (6) for total end fixity, no exterior or interior vertical support reactions are thermally induced.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Abdul‐Ahad, R. B., “Effects of Restrained Thermal Movement in a Continuous, Prestressed Concrete Bridge Without Interior Expansion Joints,” thesis presented to the University of Tennessee, at Knoxville, Tenn., in 1981, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
2.
Berwanger, C., “Thermal Stresses in Composite Bridges,” Proceedings, ASCE Specialty Conference on Steel Structures, Engineering Extension Series, No. 15, University of Missouri‐Columbia, Columbia, Mo., June, 1970, pp. 27–36.
3.
Berwanger, C., and Symko, Y., “Thermal Stresses in Steel‐Concrete Composite Bridges,” Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 2, No. 1, 1975, pp. 66–84.
4.
Berwanger, C., and Symko, Y., “Finite‐Element Solutions for Thermal Stresses in Steel‐Concrete Composite Bridges,” Experimental Mechanics, Vol. 16, No. 5, May, 1976, pp. 168–175.
5.
Burdette, E. G., and Goodpasture, D. W., “Thermal Movements of Continuous Concrete and Steel Structures,” Tennessee Department of Transportation Research Project No. 77‐27‐2, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tenn., Jan., 1982.
6.
Churchward, A., and Sokal, Y., “Prediction of Temperatures in Concrete Bridges,” Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 107, No. ST11, Proc. Paper 16676, Nov., 1981, pp. 2163–2176.
7.
Cundy, et al., discussion of “Temperature Distributions in Composite Bridges,” by Jack H. Emanuel and J. Leroy Hulsey, Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 105, No. ST1, Proc. Paper 14271, Jan., 1979, pp. 261–264.
8.
Emanuel, J. H., et al., “An Investigation of Design Criteria for Stresses Induced by Semi‐Integral End Bents: Phase I—Feasibility Study,” Missouri Cooperative Highway Research Program Final Report 72‐9, University of Missouri‐Rolla, Rolla, Mo., 1973.
9.
Emanuel, J. H., and Hulsey, J. L., “Thermal Stresses and Deformations in Nonprismatic Indeterminate Composite Bridges,” Transportation Research Record 607, Transportation Research Board, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., 1976, pp. 4–6.
10.
Emanuel, J. H., and Hulsey, J. L., “Prediction of the Thermal Coefficient of Expansion of Concrete,” Journal of the American Concrete Institute, Vol. 74, No. 4, Apr., 1977, pp. 149–155.
11.
Emanuel, J. H., and Hulsey, J. L., “Temperature Distributions in Composite Bridges,” Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 104, No. ST1, Proc. Paper 13474, Jan., 1978, pp. 65–78.
12.
Emanuel, J. H., and Hulsey, J. L., “Estimation of Air Temperature Extremes,” ASHRAE Transactions 1978, Vol. 84, Pt. 2, Paper 2509, 1979, pp. 285–292.
13.
Emanuel, J. H., and Hulsey, J. L., closure to “Temperature Distributions in Composite Bridges,” by Jack H. Emanuel and J. Leroy Hulsey, Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 106, No. ST5, Proc. Paper 15380, May, 1980, pp. 1219–1220.
14.
Emanuel, J. H., and Lewis, D. B., “Abutment‐Thermal Interaction of a Composite Bridge,” Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 107, No. ST11, Proc. Paper 16631, Nov., 1981, pp. 2111–2126.
15.
Emanuel, J. H., and Wisch, D. J., “Thermal Stresses Induced in a Composite Model Bridge Structure,” Missouri Cooperative Highway Research Program Final Report 75‐2, University of Missouri‐Rolla, Rolla, Mo., 1977.
16.
Emanuel, J. H., and Wisch, D. J., “Thermal Response of a Continuous Two‐Span Composite Bridge Structure,” Transportation Research Record 711, Transportation Research Board, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., 1979, pp. 40–46.
17.
Emerson, M., “The Calculation of the Distribution of Temperature in Bridges,” TRRL Report LR 561, Transport and Road Research Laboratory, Crowthorne, Berkshire, England, 1973.
18.
Filla, M. J., “Transverse Thermal Response of a Composite Bridge,” thesis presented to the University of Missouri‐Rolla, at Rolla, Mo., in 1981, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science.
19.
Hulsey, J. L., and Emanuel, J. H., “Environmentally Induced Bridge Stresses,” Proceedings, 2nd Annual Engineering Mechanics Division Specialty Conference, ASCE, May, 1977, pp. 490–493.
20.
Hulsey, J. L., and Emanuel, J. H., “Environmental Stresses in Flexibly Supported Bridges,” Transportation Research Record 664, Transportation Research Board, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., 1978, pp. 262–270.
21.
Hulsey, J. L., and Emanuel, J. H., “Finite Element Modeling of Climatically Induced Heat Flow,” Numerical Methods for Differential Equations and Simulation, A. W. Bennett and R. Vichnevetsky, eds., North‐Holland, Amsterdam, 1978, pp. 111–114.
22.
Hulsey, J. L., “Environmental Effects on Composite‐Girder Bridge Structures,” thesis presented to the University of Missouri‐Rolla, at Rolla, Mo., in 1976, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
23.
Hunt, B., and Cooke, N., “Thermal Calculations for Bridge Design,” Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 101, No. ST9, Proc. Paper 11545, Sept., 1975, pp. 1763–1781.
24.
Lanigan, A. G., “The Temperature Response of Concrete Box Girder Bridges,” thesis presented to the University of Auckland, New Zealand, in 1973, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
25.
Larrabee, R. D., Billington, D. P., and Abel, J. F., “Thermal Loading of Thin‐Shell Concrete Cooling Towers,” Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 100, No. ST12, Proc. Paper 11002, Dec., 1974, pp. 2367–2383.
26.
Lewis, D. B., “Abutment‐Thermal Interaction of a Composite Bridge,” thesis presented to the University of Missouri‐Rolla, at Rolla, Mo., in 1980, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science.
27.
Newmark, N. M., “Numerical Procedure for Computing Deflections, Moments, and Buckling Loads,” Transactions, ASCE, Vol. 108, 1943, pp. 1161–1234.
28.
Priestley, M. J. N., “Thermal Gradients in Bridges—Some Design Considerations,” New Zealand Engineering, Vol. 27, No. 7, July, 1972, pp. 228–233.
29.
Priestley, M. J. N., and Thurston, J., discussion of “Thermal Calculations for Bridge Design,” by Bruce Hunt and Nigel Cooke, Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 102, No. ST6, Proc. Paper 12166, June, 1976, pp. 1277–1279.
30.
Rahman, F., and George, K. P., “Thermal Stress Analysis of Continuous Skew Bridge,” Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 105, No. ST7, Proc. Paper 14695, July, 1979, pp. 1525–1541.
31.
Rahman, F., and George, K. P., “Thermal Stresses in Skew Bridge by Model Test,” Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 106, No. ST1, Proc. Paper 15112, Jan., 1980, pp. 39–58.
32.
Reynolds, J. D., and Emanuel, J. H., “Thermal Stresses and Movements in Bridges,” Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 100, No. ST1, Proc. Paper 10275, Jan., 1974, pp. 63–78.
33.
Taylor, C. M., “Length‐Thermal Stress Relations for Composite Bridges,” thesis presented to the University of Missouri‐Rolla, at Rolla, Mo., in 1983, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science.
34.
Wisch, D. J., “Thermal Stresses Induced in a Model Composite Bridge Structure,” thesis presented to the University of Missouri‐Rolla, at Rolla, Mo., in 1977, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science.
35.
Wilson, E. L., and Nickell, R. E., “Application of the Finite Element Method to Heat Conduction Analysis,” Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Design, Vol. 4, 1966, pp. 276–286.
36.
Zuk, W., “Thermal and Shrinkage Stresses in Composite Beams,” Journal of the American Concrete Institute, Vol. 58, No. 3, Sept., 1961, pp. 327–340.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 1985 ASCE.
History
Published online: Apr 1, 1985
Published in print: Apr 1985
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.