TECHNICAL PAPERS
Apr 1, 1983

Ground Snow Loads for Structural Design

Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 109, Issue 4

Abstract

Snow loads for structural design are calculated as the product of the ground snow load and a snow load coefficient that transforms the ground load to a roof load. This paper presents a statistical analysis of annual extreme water‐equivalents (reported as inches of water) of ground snow measured at 76 weather stations in the northeast quadrant of the United States through the winter of 1979–1980. The analysis suggests that the lognormal distribution is preferable to a Type I distribution of extreme values for describing annual extreme ground snow loads at a majority of sites. Sampling errors and the selection of design loads from the statistical analysis are also described.

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References

1.
Boyd, D. W., “Maximum Snow Depths and Snow Loads on Roofs in Canada,” National Research Council of Canada, Division of Building Research, Research Paper 142, Dec., 1961, Ottawa, Canada.
2.
“Common Unified Rules for Different Types of Construction and Materials,” Bulletin No. 124E, Comite Euro‐International du Beton, Apr., 1978, Paris, France.
3.
Ellingwood, B., Galambos, T. V., MacGregor, J. G., and Cornell, C. A., “Development of a Probability Based Load Criterion for American National Standard A58,” National Bureau of Standards Special Publication SP 577, Washington, D.C., June, 1980.
4.
Filliben, J. J., “The Probability Plot Correlation Coefficient Test for Normality,” Technometrics, Vol. 17, No. 1, Feb., 1975, pp. 111–117.
5.
Johnson, N. L., and Kotz, S., Continuous Univeriate Distributions, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y., 1970.
6.
“National Building Code of Canada,” National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada, 1977.
7.
O'Rourke, M., Redfield, R., and VonBradsky, P., “Uniform Snow Loads on Structures,” Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 108, No. ST12, Dec., 1982, pp. 2781–2798.
8.
“Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures,” American National Standard A58, American National Standards Institute, New York, N.Y., 1972, 1982 rev.
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Simiu, E., and Filliben, J. J., “Probability Distributions of Extreme Wind Speeds,” Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 102, No. ST9, Sept., 1976, pp. 1861–1877.
10.
Simiu, E., Bietry, J., and Filliben, J. J., “Sampling Errors in Estimation of Extreme Winds,” Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 104, No. ST3, Mar., 1978, pp. 491–501.
11.
Steyaert, L., Le Due, S., Strommen, N., Nicodemus, M., and Guttman, N., “Estimating Water Equivalent Snow Depth from Related Meteorological Variables,” U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission NUREG/CR‐1389, Washington, D.C., May, 1980.
12.
Thom, H. C. S., “Distribution of Maximum Annual Water Equivalent of Snow on the Ground,” Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 94, No. 4, Apr., 1966, pp. 265–271.
13.
Tobiasson, W., and Redfield, R., “Snow Loads for the United States,” U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory Report, Hanover, N.H., 1982.

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Go to Journal of Structural Engineering
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 109Issue 4April 1983
Pages: 950 - 964

History

Published online: Apr 1, 1983
Published in print: Apr 1983

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Authors

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Bruce Ellingwood
Research Struct. Engr., National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C. 20234
Robert Redfield, Members, ASCE
Research Civ. Engr., U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engrg. Lab., Hanover, N.H. 03755

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