Satellite-Based Energy Balance for Mapping Evapotranspiration with Internalized Calibration (METRIC)—Applications
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Volume 133, Issue 4
Abstract
Recent satellite image processing developments have provided the means to calculate evapotranspiration (ET) as a residual of the surface energy balance to produce ET “maps.” These ET maps (i.e., images) provide the means to quantify ET on a field by field basis in terms of both the rate and spatial distribution. The ET images show a progression of ET during the year or growing season as well as its spatial distribution. The mapping evapotranspiration at high resolution with internalized calibration (METRIC) is a satellite-based image-processing procedure for calculating ET. METRIC has been applied with high resolution Landsat images in southern Idaho, southern California, and New Mexico to quantify monthly and seasonal ET for water rights accounting, operation of ground water models, and determination of crop coefficient populations and mean curves for common crops. Comparisons between ET by METRIC, ET measured by lysimeter, and ET predicted using traditional methods have been made on a daily and monthly basis for a variety of crop types and land uses. Error in estimated growing season ET was 4% for irrigated meadow in the Bear River basin of Idaho and 1% for an irrigated sugar beet crop near Kimberly, Id. Standard deviation of error for time periods represented by each satellite image averaged about 13 to 20% in both applications. The results indicate that METRIC and similar methods such as SEBAL hold substantial promise as efficient, accurate, and inexpensive procedures to estimate actual evaporation fluxes from irrigated lands throughout growing seasons.
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Acknowledgments
The writer acknowledges long-term lysimeter data collection by Dr. James L. Wright, USDA-ARS, Kimberly, Id. and Dr. Robert W. Hill, Utah State University, that provided the means for comparing ET measurements with ET estimated by METRIC. Funding for the various applications and development came from NASA, Raytheon, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Idaho Department Water Resources, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, U.S. Department of Justice, Keller-Bliesner Engineering, Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station, Idaho Engineering Experiment Station, and Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria of Spain. The writers acknowledge the very helpful comments and suggestions by reviewers to improve clarity of this manuscript.
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Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
Volume 133 • Issue 4 • August 2007
Pages: 395 - 406
Copyright
© 2007 ASCE.
History
Received: Nov 17, 2005
Accepted: Jan 31, 2007
Published online: Aug 1, 2007
Published in print: Aug 2007
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