TECHNICAL PAPERS
Oct 1, 2000

Adjusted Average Correction Factors for Sprinkler Laterals

Publication: Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
Volume 126, Issue 5

Abstract

This paper is the fourth in a series on friction factors for sprinkler laterals. The widely used friction correction factor F was developed by Christiansen for the hydraulic analysis of sprinkler laterals. A significant modification to this factor was the adjusted friction correction factor Fa. The adjusted friction correction factor can be used when the first sprinkler is a fraction of a full spacing from the lateral inlet. To design laterals with outlets and outflow at the downstream end, friction correction factor G was developed with the corresponding adjusted friction correction factor Ga. To calculate the average pressure head along a lateral, the average correction factors FAVG and GAVG were developed. These average correction factors can be used where friction correction factors F and G are used to analyze a lateral. This paper introduces two final adjusted average correction factors FaAVG and GaAVG, which can be used to determine the average pressure head in laterals analyzed using Fa or Ga. Use of these factors is demonstrated in an example.

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References

1.
Anwar, A. A. (1999a). “Factor G for pipelines with equally spaced multiple outlets and outflow.”J. Irrig. and Drain Engrg., ASCE, 125(1), 34–38.
2.
Anwar, A. A. (1999b). “Adjusted factor Ga for pipelines with multiple outlets and outflow.”J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg., ASCE, 125(6), 355–359.
3.
Anwar, A. A. (2000). “Inlet pressure for tapered horizontal laterals.”J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg., ASCE, 126(1), 57–63.
4.
Christiansen, J. E. ( 1942). “Irrigation by sprinkling.” Agric. Experiment Station Bull. No. 670, University of California, Davis, Calif.
5.
Churchill, S. W. ( 1977). “Friction-factor equation spans all fluid-flow regimes.” Chemical Engrg., London, 84(24), 91–92.
6.
DeTar, W. R. ( 1982). “Modified graphical determination of submain size.” Trans. ASAE, 25(3), 695–696.
7.
Keller, J., and Bliesner, R. D. ( 1990). Sprinkle and trickle irrigation, Chapman & Hall, New York.
8.
Reddy, J. M., and Apolayo, H. (1988). “Friction correction factor for center-pivot irrigation systems.”J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg., ASCE, 114(1), 183–185.
9.
Scaloppi, E. J. (1988). “Adjusted F factor for multiple-outlet pipes.”J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg., ASCE, 114(1), 169–174.
10.
Scaloppi, E. J., and Allen, R. G., (1993). “Hydraulics of irrigation laterals: Comparative analysis.”J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg., ASCE, 119(1), 91–115.

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Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
Volume 126Issue 5October 2000
Pages: 296 - 303

History

Received: Jul 20, 1999
Published online: Oct 1, 2000
Published in print: Oct 2000

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Authors

Affiliations

Arif A. Anwar
Lect., Inst. of Irrig. and Devel. Studies, Dept. of Civ. and Envir. Engrg., Univ. of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K. E-mail: [email protected]

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