Solute Transport in Simulated Conductivity Fields under Different Irrigations
Publication: Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
Volume 123, Issue 5
Abstract
The interactive effect of irrigation methods and spatial variability of saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) on solute transport was determined with the combined use of a two-dimensional deterministic solute transport model and a stochastic parameter generator. In a homogeneous Ks field, the time required to infiltrate a prescribed amount of water or chemical increased from sprinkler to furrow to drip irrigation. Furrow irrigation appeared to leach the chemical more rapidly than either drip or sprinkler irrigation. Assuming the spatial distribution of Ks to be a stationary stochastic process, increased spatial variability in Ks reduced the infiltration rate. When Ks is spatially correlated, sprinkler irrigation appeared to be less susceptible to cause ground-water contamination than furrow or drip irrigation. The concentration distributions in the uncorrelated Ks field were not very different from those in the homogeneous field.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Bear, J. (1972). Dynamics of fluid in porous media. Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc., New York, N.Y.
2.
Beven, K. J., Henderson, D. E., and Reeves, A. D.(1993). “Dispersion parameters for undisturbed partially saturated soil.”J. Hydro., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 143(3), 19–43.
3.
Carsel, R. F., Smith, C. N., Mulkey, L. A., Dean, J. D., and Jowise, P. (1984). User's manual for the pesticide root zone model (PRZM): Release 1, Rep. EPA-600/3-84-109, U.S. EPA, Envir. Res. Lab., Athens, Ga.
4.
Dagan, G.(1994). “The significance of heterogeneity of evolving scales to transport in porous formations.”Water Resour. Res., 30(12), 3327–3336.
5.
El-Kadi, A. I.(1986). “A computer program for generating two-dimensional fields of autocorrelated parameters.”Ground Water, 24(5), 663–667.
6.
El-Kadi, A. I.(1987). “Variability of infiltration under uncertainty in unsaturated zone parameters.”J. Hydro., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 90(5), 61–80.
7.
El-Kadi, A. I., and Brutsaert, W.(1985). “Applicability of effective parameters for unsteady flow in nonuniform aquifers.”Water Resour. Res., 21(2), 183–198.
8.
Freeze, R. A.(1980). “A stochastic-conceptual analysis of rainfall-runoff processes on a hillslope.”Water Resour. Res., 16(2), 391–408.
9.
Garcia, L. A., Manguerra, H. B., and Gates, T. K.(1995). “Irrigation-drainage design and management model: Development.”J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg., ASCE, 121(1), 71–82.
10.
Jury, W. A., Gardner, W. R., and Gardner, W. H. (1991). Soil Physics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y.
11.
Knisel, W. G., Leonard, R. A., and Davis, F. M. (1989). GLEAMS User Manual. Southeast Watershed Research Lab., Tifton, Ga.
12.
Mantoglou, A., and Gelhar, L. W.(1987). “Capillary tension head variance, mean soil moisture content, and effective specific soil moisture capacity of transient unsaturated flow in stratified soils.”Water Resour. Res., 23(1), 47–56.
13.
Matias, P., Correia, F. N., and Pereira, L. S. (1989). “Influence of spatial variability of saturated hydraulic conductivity on the infiltration process.”Unsaturated flow in hydrologic modeling: Theory and practice, H. J. Morel-Seytoux, ed., Kluwer Academic Publishers, London, U.K., 455–67.
14.
Mejia, J. M., and Rodriguez-Iturbe, I.(1974). “On the synthesis of random field sampling from the spectrum: An application to the generation of hydrologic spatial processes.”Water Resour. Res., 10(4), 705–711.
15.
Miller, E. E., and Miller, R. D.(1956). “Physical theory of capillary flow phenomena.”J. Appl. Phys., 27(4), 324–332.
16.
Neuman, S. P.(1990). “Universal scaling of hydraulic conductivities and dispersivities in geologic media.”Water Resour. Res., 26(8), 1749–1758.
17.
Persaud, N., Giraldez, J. V., and Chang, A. C.(1985). “Monte-Carlo simulation of non-interacting solute transport in a spatially heterogeneous soil.”Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 49(3), 562–568.
18.
“Root Zone Water Quality Model. version 1.0,” (1992). GPSR Tech. Rep. No. 3, Agric. Res. Svc., Great Plains Systems Research Unit, Ft. Collins, Colo.
19.
Rubin, Y.(1990). “Stochastic modeling of macrodispersion in heterogeneous porous media.”Water Resour. Res., 26(1), 133–142.
20.
Simunek, J., and van Genuchten, M. T. (1994). “The CHAIN-2D code for simulating the two-dimensional movement of water, heat, and multiple solutes in variably-saturated porous media, Version 1.1.”Res. Rep. No. 136. U.S. Salinity Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Riverside, Calif.
21.
Sudicky, E. A.(1986). “A natural-gradient experiment on solute transport in a sand aquifer: Spatial variability of hydraulic conductivity and its role in the dispersion process.”Water Resour. Res., 22(13), 2069–2082.
22.
Tillotson, P. M., and Nielsen, D. R.(1984). “Scale factors in soil science.”Soil Sci. Am. J., 48(5), 953–959.
23.
Tompson, A. F. B., Ababou, R., and Gelhar, L. W.(1989). “Implementation of the three-dimensional turning bands random field generator.”Water Resour. Res., 25(10), 2227.
24.
Troiano, J., Garretson, C., Krauter, C., Brownell, J., and Huston, J.(1993). “Influence of amount and method of irrigation water application on leaching of atrazine.”J. Envir. Qual., 22(2), 290–298.
25.
Tseng, P. H., and Jury, W. A.(1993). “Simulation of field measurement of hydraulic conductivity in unsaturated heterogeneous soil.”Water Resour. Res., 29(7), 2087–2099.
26.
Tseng, P. H., and Jury, W. A.(1994). “Comparison of transfer function and deterministic modeling of area-averaged solute transport in a heterogeneous field.”Water Resour. Res., 30(7), 2051–2063.
27.
van Genuchten, M. T.(1980). “A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils.”Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 44(5), 892–898.
28.
van Genuchten, M. T., and Shouse, P. J. (1989). “Solute transport in heterogeneous field soils.”Intermedia pollutant transport: Modeling and field measurement, D. T. Allen, Y. Cohen, and I. R. Kaplan, eds., Plenum Publishing Corp., New York, N.Y., 177–187.
29.
Vogel, T., Cislerova, M., and Hopmans, J. W.(1991). “Porous media with linearly variable hydraulic properties.”Water Resour. Res., 27(10), 2735–2741.
30.
Wagenet, R. J., and Hutson, J. L. (1987). LEACHM: A finite-difference model for simulating water, salt, and pesticide movement in the plant root zone, continuum 2. New York State Resources Institute, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y.
31.
Wallach, R., Israeli, M., and Zaslavsky, D.(1991). “Small perturbation solution for steady nonuniform infiltration into soil surface of a general shape.”Water Resour. Res., 27(7), 1665–1670.
32.
Warrick, A. W. (1990). “Application of scaling to the characterization of spatial variability in soils.”Scaling in Soil Physics: Principles and Applications, D. Hillel and D. E. Elrick, eds., SSSA Special Publ. No. 25, Soil Sci. Soc. Am., Madison, Wis., 39–51.
33.
Warrick, A. W., and Nielsen, D. R. (1980). “Spatial variability of soil physical properties in the field.”Applications of Soil Physics, D. Hillel, ed., Academic Press, Inc., New York, N.Y., 319–44.
34.
Wierenga, P. J., Hills, R. G., and Hudson, D. B.(1991). “The Las Cruces Trench site: Characterization, experimental results, and one-dimensional flow predictions.”Water Resour. Res., 27(10), 2695–2705.
35.
Yaron, B., Gerstl, Z., and Spencer, W. F.(1985). “Behavior of herbicides in irrigated soils,”Adv. Soil Sci., 3, 121–211.
36.
Yeh, T. C. J., Gelhar, L. W., and Gutjahr, A. L.(1985). “Stochastic analysis of unsaturated flow in heterogeneous soils. 1: Statistically isotropic media.”Water Resour. Res., 21(4), 447–456.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 1997 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Sep 19, 1997
Published in print: Sep 19, 1997
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.