Fate of Nitrogen Applied to Turfgrass-Covered Soil Columns
Publication: Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
Volume 121, Issue 6
Abstract
Current public concern for the environment has focused on the environmental effects of chemical applications to turfgrass areas. There is little research on the environmental effects of nitrogen (N) applied to turfgrasses. Our objectives were to investigate the hydrology of 50 cm of undisturbed soil columns with a Kentucky bluegrass turf and intact macropores under a heavy (four 2.54 cm applications) and a light irrigation regime (sixteen 0.64 cm applications), and to measure the fate of N, using 15 N as a tracer, when applied to an undisturbed soil column. Mean leachate values for columns under the heavy irrigation regime totaled about six times the amount collected from columns under the light irrigation regime. We found that the heavy irrigation increased N, which leached through the 50 cm of undisturbed soil columns by 30 times and decreased the volatilization of liquid urea compared with columns under the light irrigation.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Balogh, J. C., and Walker, W. J. (1992). Golf course management & construction environmental issues. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, Fla.
2.
Beven, K., and Germann, P.(1982). “Macropores and water flow in soils.”Water Resour. Res., 18(5), 1311–1325.
3.
Bowman, D. C., Paul, J. L., Davis, W. B., and Nelson, S. H.(1987). “Reducing ammonia volatilization from Kentucky bluegrass turf by irrigation.”HortScience, 22(7), 84–87.
4.
Bremner, J. M., and Mulvaney, C. S. (1982). “Nitrogen-total.”Methods of soil analysis. Part 2, A. L. Page, ed., Am. Sol. of Agronomists, Madison, Wis.
5.
Brown, K. W., Duble, R. L., and Thomas, J. C.(1977). “Influence of management and season of fate of N applied to golf greens.”J. Agronomy, 69(4), 667–671.
6.
Brown, K. W., Thomas, J. C., and Duble, R. L. (1982). Nitrogen source effect on nitrate and ammonium leaching and runoff losses from greens.”J. Agronomy, 74(6), 947–950.
7.
Evert, C. A. (1989). “Role of preferential flow on water and chemical transport in a glacial till soil,” PhD thesis, Iowa State Univ., Ames, Iowa.
8.
Flipse Jr., W. J., Katz, B. G., Linder, J. B., and Markel, R.(1984). “Sources of nitrate in ground water in a sewered housing development, central Long Island, New York.”Ground Water, 32(5), 418–426.
9.
Hauck, R. D. (1982). “Nitrogen-isotope ratio analysis.”Methods of soil analysis. Part 2, A. L. Page, ed., Am. Soc. of Agronomists, Madison, Wis., 735–776.
10.
Haynes, R. J. (1986). Mineral nitrogen in the plant-soil system, Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, Calif.
11.
Huber, W. C. (1993). “Contaminant transport in surface water.”Handbook of hydrology, D. R. Maidment, ed., McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York, N.Y., 14–43.
12.
Hummel Jr., N. W., and Waddington, D. V.(1981). “Evaluation of slow-release nitrogen sources on `Baron' Kentucky bluegrass.”J. Soil Sci., 45(5), 966–970.
13.
Joo, Y. K., Christians, N. E., and Blackmer, A. M.(1991). “Kentucky bluegrass recovery of urea-derived nitrogen-15 amended with urease inhibitor.”J. Soil Sci., 55(3), 528–530.
14.
Joo, Y. K., Christians, N. E., and Bremner, J. M.(1987). “Effect of N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) on growth response and ammonia volatilization following fertilization of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) with urea.”J. Fertilizer Issues, 4(4), 98–102.
15.
Keeney, D. R., and Nelson, D. W. (1982). “Nitrogen-inorganic forms.”Methods of soil analysis. Part 2, A. L. Page, ed., Am. Soc. of Agronomists, Madison, Wis., 643–698.
16.
Morton, T. G., Gold, A. J., and Sullivan, W. M.(1988). “Influence of overwatering and fertilization on nitrogen losses from home lawns.”J. Envir. Quality, 17(2), 124–130.
17.
Mugaas, B. J., Agnew, M. L., Christians, N. E., and Edwards, E. (1991). “Turfgrass management for protecting surface water quality.”File: Horticulture 4-1, Iowa State Univ. Extension, Ames, Iowa.
18.
Petrovic, A. M.(1990). “The fate of nitrogenous fertilizers applied to turfgrass.”J. Envir. Quality, 19(1), 1–14.
19.
Priebe, D. L., and Blackmer, A. M.(1989). “Preferential movement of Oxygen18-labeled water and nitrogen-15-labeled urea through macropores in a Nicollet soil.”J. Envir. Quality, 18(1), 66–72.
20.
Sanchez, C. A., and Blackmer, A. M.(1988). “Recovery of anhydrous ammonia-derived nitrogen-15 during three years of corn production in Iowa.”Agronomy J., 80(1), 102–108.
21.
Snedecor, G. W., and Cochran, W. G. (1967). Statistical methods. Iowa State Univ. Press, Ames, Iowa.
22.
Thomas, G. W., and Phillips, R. E.(1979). “Consequences of water movement in macropores.”J. Envir. Quality, 8(2), 149–152.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 1995 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Nov 1, 1995
Published in print: Nov 1995
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.